石油降解菌的筛选、降解特性及其与基因的相关性研究  

Isolation of petroleum degrading strains and determination their degrading and gene characteristics

作　　者：杨茜[1] 吴蔓莉[1] 曹碧霄 曹文娟[1] 聂麦茜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第1期187-192,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51278405);榆林市科技局计划项目(K03259)

摘　　要：以Bush．hass培养基为筛选培养基，从3种不同来源的石油污染土壤中富集、分离、筛选获得16株可以以石油烃为唯一碳源的菌株。对菌株的生理生化性质、石油烃降解效果、菌株种属和菌株所含石油烃降解基因进行了检测。结果表明，筛选出的16株菌分属于铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonasaeruginosa）、施氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonasstutzeri）和不能确定种名的假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、黄杆菌属（Flavobacteriaceae）、埃希氏菌属（Escherichia）和无色杆菌属（Achromobacter）的细菌。其中7株菌株对水相中石油烃的降解率在降解时间为20d时可达到31．5％-54．7％。对菌株的降解基因检测结果表明，当降解菌中同时含有双加氧酶和单加氧酶控制基因时，菌株对石油烃显示出较强的降解能力。In this paper, we would like to introduce our investigation findings on the physiological-biochemical characteristics of the de- grading genes and the total petroleum hydrocarbon （TPH） removing rate of the strains isolated from the three kinds of different oil-contam- inated soils. To proceed with our research, we have isolated 16 strains of bacteria from three different petroleum-contaminated soils through cultural enrichment via the Bush-bass medium. In so doing, we have described the assay results of the 16 strains of RNA se- quence, agarose electrophoresis and Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） with the purpose to detect such bacteria from the oil-contami- nated soils and their degrading genes. The results of our investigation and analysis have shown that： （ 1 ） The 16 strains of bacteria have been identified as Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseu- domonas stutzeri , Acinetobacter , Bacillus, Flavobacteriaceae , Es- cherichia, Achromobacter, etc. As the result, we have confirmed that the Pseudomonas is by nature a common petroleum degraded bacteria because it has been isolated from all of three different oil-contaminat- ed soils. （2） Among the 16 strains, 7 of them, such as GQ-2, GQ -3, GQ 4, SZ-2, SZ-3, SZ 4, SQ-2, demonstrate their fine degrading capability to TPH. Their TPH-removing rates were made known as high as from 31.5% to 54.7% after 20 days＇ inoculation. And, in turn, their TPH removing rates tend to be as high as up to 54.7%,44.8% and 42.9%, respectively. （3） The strains both with genes of dioxygenase and monooxygenase prove to be endowed with high degradation ability toward TPH. Such results indicate that there exists a clear positive correlation between the degradation genes of strains and the TPH removing capabilities. Furthermore, we have also found that the genes of dioxygenase named nahAcfor and na- hAcrev ought to be identified as key genes in the biodegradation pro- cess of the series of strains. However, such kinds of genes haven＇ t been found in the strains w

关 键 词：环境工程学 分离鉴定 石油烃降解菌 石油烃降解率 降解基因 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]