高速列车车轴综合性能试验分析  

Experimental Analysis on Comprehensive Properties of Axles for High Speed Trains

作　　者：潘涛[1,2] 朱静[1,2] 刘淑华[3] 顾家琳[2] 蔡明春[2] 刘韶庆[2,4] 周惠华[2] 施惠基[2] 林吉忠[3] 

机构地区：[1]钢铁研究总院工程用钢研究所,北京100081 [2]清华大学材料学院,北京100084 [3]中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [4]南车青岛四方股份公司技术中心,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2014年第1期72-77,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(2012J005);科技部创新方法工作专项项目(2010IM030200)

摘　　要：在开展高速列车车轴国产化的前期研究中,对欧洲某高速列车轮轴生产企业以EA4T车轴钢为主材生产的EA200,EA300和EA380这3种高速列车空心车轴样品的综合性能进行试验和分析。结果显示,这3种高速车轴的化学成分、力学性能、疲劳强度及金相组织等大部分指标满足欧洲标准EN 13261的技术要求,其中EA300和EA380车轴的强韧性匹配较好,而EA200车轴的光滑旋转弯曲疲劳强度仅为340MPa,不满足EN标准的要求,且在该车轴内外表面等距处金相组织出现了一定量的铁素体组织,也不符合EN标准的规定。建议在国产高速列车车轴的研制中应重点从车轴钢化学成分的优化、热处理工艺控制等方面入手,提高车轴钢的淬透性,改善车轴钢的金相组织状态,以获得尽可能多的马氏体或下贝氏体组织,从而提高车轴钢的强韧性匹配和截面金相组织的均匀性。During the prophase research on the localization of axles for high speed trains,experiments and analyses were carried through on the comprehensive properties of three kinds of tubular axle specimens,namely,EA200,EA300 and EA380,which were manufactured mainly with EA4T axle steel by a European axle manufacturer for high speed trains.The results show that,most of the indexes,including chemical compositions,mechanical properties,fatigue strength and microstructures,etc.,meet the technical requirements of EN 13261 standard.Among three kinds of axles,EA300 and EA380 axles show a good combination of strength and toughness.While for EA200 axle,the rotating bending fatigue strength of smooth specimen is only 340 MPa,which is lower than the specified value of EN standard,and at 1/2position between the internal and external surfaces of the axle,there are a certain amount of ferrite in the microstructure,which does not conform to EN standard.It is suggested that more attentions should be paid to the optimization of the chemical compositions of axle steel and heat treatment control during the development of domestic high speed train axles so as to improve the hardenability and microstructure of axle steel.Accordingly,martensite and lower bainite microstructure can be obtained as much as possible.Thus better combination of strength and toughness as well as more homogeneous cross-section microstructure can be achieved.

关 键 词：高速车轴 化学成分 力学性能 疲劳强度 金相组织 高速列车 

分 类 号：U260.331.1[机械工程—车辆工程]