弹劾证据规则的中国模式——以弹劾侦查人员证言为切入点的分析  

Chinese Model of Impeachment Rule——Based on the analysis of police witness

作　　者：牟绿叶[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第1期63-73,161-162,共11页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目<犯罪论体系的程序效应--以刑法和刑事诉讼法关系为中心>(批准号:10YJC820009)

摘　　要：作为一种补助证据,弹劾证据旨在争辩证据之证明力。弹劾的对象包括证人的可靠性和证言的可信性,但一般将其总称为证人证言的可信性。我国刑事证据法吸收了英美证据法中基于偏见、感官或精神缺陷、具体的矛盾以及前后不一致陈述这四类弹劾理由,考虑到实体真实主义和证据能力附属化之立法和司法实务现状,我国宜将证据之证据能力纳入弹劾理由之范畴。与交叉询问相比,我国律师更善于通过提出旁证的方式来进行弹劾。法庭对于弹劾证据之审查判断主要侧重其可信性和真实性层面,而且"新法定证据主义"对法庭审查判断带来了深刻的影响。我国确立的弹劾证据规则对于提高律师之辩护质量和保障法庭准确认定事实具有积极的参考价值。As a sort of supplementary evidences, impeachment evidence is designed to argue the reliability of witness and credibility of his / her testimony. Chinese Criminal Evidence Law absorbs four reasons for impeachment in Anglo-American Evidence Law,including( 1) bias or interest,( 2) sensory or mental defects,( 3) specific contradiction,and( 4) prior inconsistent statements. Additionally,due to the preference to fact-finding and affiliated competence of evidence,it is advisable and reasonable to impeach the competence of evidence as well as the weight of evidence. Compared with cross-examination,Chinese lawyers do better in impeachment by submitting extrinsic evidence. The court pays more attention to the credibility and truthfulness of evidence and the 'new legalism on evaluating evidence'has brought great effects in profound ways. Chinese impeachment rule is conducive to improve the defense quality and find the fact accurately.

关 键 词：弹劾证据 实质证据 交叉询问 旁证 新法定证据主义 

分 类 号：D915[政治法律—诉讼法学]