RSVP任务下双刺激重复的优势与劣势  

Advantageous and Disadvantageous Repetition of Doubly Repeated Stimuli in RSVP Paradigm

作　　者：冷英[1,2] 卢家楣[1] 金丽[2] 潘发达[2] 陈燕[2] 沈永江[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234 [2]南通大学教育科学学院,南通226007

出　　处：《心理学报》2014年第3期298-311,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十二五”规划2012年度教育学一般课题(BBA120018);第51批中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2012M510866);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(12YJC190026)的资助

摘　　要：本研究探讨重复知盲发生在知觉阶段还是在记忆阶段。采用快速视觉系列呈现(rapid serial visual representation,简称RSVP)任务,让被试即时回忆80个词表中呈现的词。操作了词表中目标词的重复数,分为无重复、单刺激重复(重复一对)和双刺激重复(重复两对)三种,和目标词的情绪效价,分为中性词和情绪词两种。结果发现,对目标词回忆的正确率是:当目标词和非目标词都是中性词汇,即二者的情绪效价强度相当时(实验1),在无重复条件与双刺激重复条件下无差异,二者均大于单刺激重复条件;当目标词是消极词汇,非目标词是中性词汇,即目标刺激的情绪效价强度大于非目标刺激时(实验2),无重复条件与单刺激重复条件无差异,二者均大于双刺激重复条件。结果表明:(1)RSVP任务下词表中有双刺激重复时,如果刺激的效价强度相当,出现重复优势;如果目标刺激的效价强度高于非目标刺激,出现重复劣势;(2)人们会主动分配更多的注意资源给效价高的刺激,重复知盲产生在记忆阶段,支持注意资源分配最优化假设。To recognize or report the second occurrence of a target in RSVP paradigm is challenging, a phenomenon known as Repetition Blindness （RB; Kanwisher, 1987）. Some scholars argue that RB is due to an encoding failure of a repeated stimulus （e.g., Kanwisher, 1987, 1991; Kanwisher ＆amp; Potter, 1989, 1990）, while others believe it is caused by a retrieval failure （e.g., Armstrong ＆amp; Mewhort, 1995; Fagot ＆amp; Pashler, 1995; Masson, 2004; Whittlesea ＆amp; Masson, 2005）. Morris, Still and Caldwell-Harris （2009） proposed the Competition Hypothesis to further explain RB with inter-item competition. However, under the time press, people may allocate attention resources according to the task to get the best recall performance. In the RSVP paradigm, to serve the purpose of detecting more distinctive stimuli, repeated stimuli receive less attention resource than the non-repeated stimuli during the perceptual phase. Consequently, repeated items become difficult to report during the retrieval phase. Recently, Leng, Tan, Zeng, Cheng, and Lu （2012） illustrated these views in their Optimization Allocation of Attention Resources Hypothesis. The present study aimed to further examine the mechanism of RB through a new method. 〈br〉 The typical RSVP paradigm includes one pair of repeated item （single repetition, C1 and C1’）.In our research, two pairs of repeated items （double repetition, C1 and C1’, and C2 and C2’） were created. A within-subject design with one variable was used in all three experiments, repetition of words with three levels （non-repeated, one pair of word repeated, and two pairs of words repeated）. The dependent variable was the accuracy rate for reporting targets. If RB occurs in a single repetition RSVP and it occurs at the perceptual phase,＆amp;nbsp;then the effect of RB from the second repeated stimulus （C2’） should not occur in a double repetition RSVP because the first repeated stimulus （C2） can not be recognized in the RSVP streams. If RB occurs a

关 键 词：双刺激重复 重复优势与劣势 重复知盲 注意资源分配最优化假设 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]