腔室耗能型高速铁路风障的减载抗风性能  

Wind Resistance Performance of the Windbreak with Air Chambers Dissipating Energy Applied in High-speed Railway

作　　者：毛军[1] 郗艳红[1] 高亮[1] 杨国伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044 [2]中国科学院力学研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2014年第4期99-106,共8页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51278032);'十一五'国家科技支撑计划重大(GTYZ200902);中国博士后基金(2013M530520)资助项目

摘　　要：高速铁路挡风风障在减小列车在大风环境中运行的气动荷载的同时,自身具备良好的抗风能力和结构稳定性亦十分重要。为此,提出和设计出一种新型的由双层带孔薄板构成的透风式腔室耗能型挡风风障,并采用数值模拟方法对无挡风风障单层结构和腔室结构挡风风障的挡风作用及自身抗风性能进行计算和分析。结果表明,单层、腔室型挡风风障均可明显减少横风作用于列车的气动荷载,但它们的流场结构存在较明显的差异,且腔室结构风障所受的气动力较小;与单层风障相比,腔室型风障对列车气动荷载具有更好的减载效果以及更强的自身抗风能力和结构稳定性。通过改变腔室结构的两层薄板上透风孔的孔径比,可调节两层薄板的受力分配。腔室耗能型挡风风障的提出,为挡风风障的研究提供新的思路和方法,也可为高速列车的防风设计提供参考与依据。It is also very important to improve resistant capabilities of wind resistance and structural stability of the windbreak while reducing train aerodynamic load. A new type of windbreak is proposed with double-layer structure forming a cavity chamber with hole for energy dissipation of crosswind. Numerical simulation is used to analyse and compare the effects of two kinds of windbreak in the reduction of aerodynamic force acting on the train and their own wind-resistance performance. The results show that the two types of windbreaks can significantly reduce the train aerodynamic load under the action of crosswind, and of course, there is obvious difference between them, and the aerodynamic force acting on the windbreak with cavity chamber structure is small than on another one with single layer structure. The new windbreak has better effect in aerodynamic load shedding for the train, stronger resistant capabilities of wind resistance and structural stability. By changing the aperture ratio of leak hole on the two layer plates, force distribution on them can be adjusted for the windbreak with chambers. This new type of windbreak is a new idea and will provide some useful references for design of the wind protection system for high speed train.

关 键 词：高速列车 横风 风障 腔室耗能型 抗风性能 

分 类 号：U216[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]