土壤有机磷降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其生长特性研究  

Screening,identification and growth characteristics of soil organic phosphate degrading bacterial strains

作　　者：孙薇[1] 谷洁[1,2] 李玉娣[1] 钱勋[1] 王小娟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第2期199-206,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40871119;41171203);农业部"948"项目(2010-Z20)

摘　　要：【目的】从土壤中筛选有机磷降解菌,并对其进行鉴定和生长特性研究,为研制具有降解土壤有机磷功效的生物有机肥提供高效稳定的菌种。【方法】用解磷圈法和液体摇瓶培养法,分别以植酸钙和卵磷脂为惟一磷源,从采自陕西杨凌的农药厂排污渠、棉花地、果园、菜地等不同生态类型土壤中分离筛选有机磷降解菌,对其进行生理生化特征分析和分子生物学鉴定,并确定其最适生长温度和初始pH值。【结果】从采集的不同利用类型的土壤中共初筛分离出了25株有机磷降解菌,复筛选出解磷率较高的Z2-3、Z3-5、Z3-8、Z4-1 4株植酸钙降解菌和L5-2、L7-1 2株卵磷脂降解菌。其中Z2-3、Z3-5、Z3-8和Z4-1在植酸钙液体培养基中的解磷率分别达到64.2%,71.5%,67.2%和58.1%,L5-2和L7-1在卵磷脂液体培养基中的解磷率分别为76.7%和84.1%。生理生化特征测定结果和分子生物学分析结果表明,Z2-3、Z3-5、Z3-8、Z4-1、L5-2、L7-1株菌依次为变形假单胞菌（Pseudomonas plecoglossicida）、恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）、荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）、荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）、成团泛菌（Pantoea agglomerans）和土壤短芽孢杆菌（Brevibacillus agri）。植酸钙降解菌和卵磷脂降解菌的最适生长温度分别为28~35和28℃,最适初始pH值分别为8.0~8.5和7.5。【结论】分离、筛选、鉴定出了解磷率较高的6株有机磷降解菌,获得了其最适生长温度和最适初始pH值。[Objective] This study screened organic-phosphate degrading bacteria from soil,identified the bacteria, studied the physiological and biochemical characteristics to provide efficient and stable strains with ability of degrading soil organic phosphate as bio-organic fertilizers. [Method] Using degrading circle method and liquid shake flask culture method, phytin and 1 to screen bacteria from soil sample collected from various 1 field,orchard and vegetable plot） in Yangling,Shaanxi and ecithin were used as the only phosphate source ocations （the outfall of pesticide factory, cotton molecular biological method was utilized for i- dentification. The proper temperature and initial pH for strains were investigated as well. [Result] 25 or- ganic-phosphate degrading bacteria were screened from soil samples. Z2-3, Z3-5, Z3-8, and Z4-1 had high phytin degrading rates, and L5-2 and L7-1 had high lecithin degrading rates after recreening. The phytin degrading rates of Z2-3,Z3-5,Z3-8 and Z4-1 in liquid medium reached 64.2%,71.5% ,67.2% and 58.1% hile lecithin degrading rates of L5-2 and L7-1 in liquid medium were 76. 7% and 84. l% , respectively. Physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA analysis demonstrated that Z2-3, Z3-5, Z3-8, Z4-1,LS-2 and L7-1 were Pseudomonas plecoglossicida , Pseudomonas putida , Pseudomonas fluorescens , Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pantoea agglomerans and Brevibacillus agri, respectively. The most suitable culture temperatures of phytin degrading bacteria and lecithin degrading bacteria were 28--35 ℃ and 28 ℃ ,respectively,and the most suitable initial pH values of phytin degrading bacteria and lecithin degrading bacteria were 8.0--8.5 and 7.5 ,repsectively. [Conclusion] 6 strains with high organic-phosphorus degrad- ing rates were isolated and identified. The most suitable culture temperatures and initial pH values were obtained as well.

关 键 词：有机磷降解菌 分离筛选 鉴定 生长特性 植酸钙 卵磷脂 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]