“解释法”样例对小学生学习新运算规则的促进  

A Positive Impact of Worked Examples Designed by “The Method of Explained” on Pupils' Learning New Operational Rules

作　　者：张奇[1] 郑伟[2] 万莹[3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,大连116029 [2]大连科技学院,大连116025 [3]大连海洋大学理学院,大连116023

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2014年第2期153-159,共7页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(30970888)

摘　　要：为证实"解释法"样例设计的促进作用,实验考察了4年级小学生学习"解释"样例与普通样例、"解释"样例和"解释-标记"与普通样例的迁移效果。结果表明:(1)用"解释"样例学习分数加减运算规则的近迁移成绩明显优于普通样例,但远迁移成绩无显著差异;(2)用"解释-标记"样例学习分数乘除法运算规则的远迁移成绩明显优于"解释"样例和普通样例,但近迁移成绩差异不显著,学习"解释"样例的远迁移效果均明显优于普通样例;(3)学习"解释法"设计的比例运算样例,其远、近迁移成绩均明显优于普通样例的迁移成绩,并受被试先备知识的影响。In order to verify the positive impact of worked-examples designed by ＂the method of explained＂, the experiment investigated the transfer effects of learning through the worked-examples designed by ＂the method of explained＂ and ordinary worked-examples as well as the worked-examples designed by ＂the method of explained＂ and ＂the method of explained and labeled＂ and ordinary worked-examples of 4th grade pupils. The results showed ： （1） the near-transfer achievements on learning fractional addition and subtraction operation rules through worked- examples designed by ＂the method of explained＂ were significantly better than those through ordinary worked- examples, but there was no significant difference between them on the far-transfer achievements. （2） The far- transfer achievements on learning fractional multiplication and division operation rules through worked-examples designed by＂the method of explained and labeled＂ were significantly better than those designed by ＂the method of explained＂ and ordinary worked-examples, but there was no significant difference between them on the near- transfer achievements;both the far-transfer and near-transfer achievements through worked-examples designed by ＂the method of explained＂ were much better than those through ordinary worked-examples. （3） Both the far- transfer and near-transfer achievements on proportion operation through worked-examples designed by ＂method of explained＂ were significantly better than those through ordinary worked-examples. The achievements were impacted by the subjects＇ prior knowledge.

关 键 词：分数运算 比例运算 解释法 样例学习 关键步骤 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]