焦虑个体对负性刺激的注意偏向特点  

Attentional bias to negative stimulus in anxiety individuals

作　　者：吕创 牛青云[1] 张学民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2014年第3期208-214,共7页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"多目标视觉追踪中注意分配的认知神经机制研究"(31271083);国家重点基础研究计划(973项目)(2011CB711000)

摘　　要：目的:探讨焦虑个体的注意偏向特点。方法:招募在校大学生63名,完成状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)、Liebowitz社交焦虑量表(LSAS)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI)。STAI量表的特质焦虑得分≥45分,或LSAS的社交焦虑得分≥60分者分入焦虑组(n=38);STAI量表的特质焦虑得分45分以下者,或STAI量表的特质焦虑得分≤46分且LSAS得分<45分者分入正常组(n=25)。采用2(组别:焦虑组,正常组)×2(目标位置:负性位置,中心位置)的混合设计,本研究的两个实验均采用目标探测范式,分别用情绪面孔和情绪词语作为线索刺激。比较两组被试在不同目标位置判断目标身份的按键反应的正确率、反应时、注意偏向值(中性刺激材料的反应时与负性刺激材料的反应时的差值)的标准分数的差异。结果:焦虑组在面孔材料条件下[(669.6±72.1)ms vs.(659.4±67.4)ms,P<0.01]和在词语材料条件下[(617.5±80.0)ms vs.(606.7±71.3)ms,P<0.01]的中性位置的反应时长于负性位置的反应时。结论:焦虑个体对负性面孔和词语的刺激材料均可能产生明显的注意偏向。Object： To investigate the traits of attentional bias in anxiety individuals. Methods： Sixty-three col- lege students participated in this study and were asked to complete the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI）, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale （LSAS） and Beck Depression Inventory （BDI）. Participants who scored higher than 44 in trait anxiety of STAI, or those who scored higher than 60 in social anxiety of LSAS were included in the anxiety group. And participants who scored lower than 45, and those who scored lower than 47 in trait anxiety of STAI and 45 in social anxiety of LSAS were all included in normal control group. Then 38 participants were included in the anxiety group, while 25 in normal control group. Then, two 2 （ neutral and negative location） x 2 （ the anxiety and normal group） mixed design experiments were conducted to investigate the attention bias of anxious participants in target de- tection paradigm. The target detection paradigm required participants to response as quickly as possible to the letter appeared on the left side of the screen or on the fight side, after watching two different pictures. The picture presented on the left side and the right side of the screen, and one of them represented neural stimulus, the other represented negative stimulus. While different kinds of stimulus were used in the two experiments, faces and words as cues respec- tively. The correct rate, reaction time, which response to the identity of targets, and standardized value of attentionalbias （measured by the difference between the reaction time in the neutral location condition and in the negative loca- tion condition） were analyzed. Results： The reaction time to the neutral location was longer than that to the negative location in anxiety group [ faces stimulus, （669. 6 ± 72. 1） ms vs. （659. 4 ±67.4） ms, P 〈 0. 01 ] ; words stimulus, [ （617.5 ± 80. 0） ms vs. （606.7 ± 71.3） ms, P 〈 0. 01 ]. Conclusion： It suggests that the anxiety group may have obvi- ousl

关 键 词：焦虑 注意偏向 负性刺激 目标探测范式 实验心理学 

分 类 号：R749.72[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] B842.3[医药卫生—临床医学]