护士职业紧张与工作情绪相关性研究  

Relationship between occupational stress and emotional exhaustion among nurses

作　　者：高娜[1] 孙美 涂国红[1] 李晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院,北京100853 [2]沈阳军区房地产管理局,辽宁沈阳110003

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2014年第8期120-123,共4页China Medical Herald

摘　　要：目的 了解护士职业紧张与工作情绪的关系.方法 多阶段分层整群抽取北京市2所三级医院、2所二级医院,10所一级医院共727名护士,应用工作内容问卷、情绪耗竭问卷进行横断面问卷调查,采用SPSS 13.0进行数据整理,应用单因素方差分析及结构方程模型探讨职业紧张与工作情绪的关系,检验标准为P＜ 0.05.结果 情绪耗竭发生率三级医院为32.5％,二级医院为24.9％,一级医院为15.3％;单因素方差分析显示,医院级别越高、职称越高、年龄在40～＜ 50岁、学历越高的护士职业紧张越高,情绪耗竭越严重,离异或丧偶、分居的护士社会支持感较差.工作要求、自主程度、社会支持对情绪耗竭的影响系数分别为0.31,-0.24,-0.20.结论 应重点关注三级医院、年龄在40～＜ 50岁、高学历、离异或丧偶、分居的护士,降低工作要求,提高自主程度及社会支持,从而缓解情绪耗竭,改善工作情绪.Objective To study the relationship between occupational stress and emotional exhaustion among nurses.Methods 727 nurses from different grade hospitals （2 tertiary hospitals,2 second-class hospitals,10 first-class hospitals） were collected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling and evaluated with job content questionnaire,emotional exhaustion scale from the maslach burnout inventory-general survey questionare （MBI-GS） for cross-sectional survey.SPSS 13.0 was used for analysis of the data,One-way ANOVA and structural model were used to explore relationship between occupational stress and emotional exhaustion among nurses,standard test was P 〈 0.05.Results The prevalence of emotional exhaustion among the nurses was different,tertiary hospitals was 32.5%,second-class hospitals was 24.9%,first-class hospitals was 15.3%.Nurses who were in higher level of the hospital,aged between 40 and 〈 50,had higher educational background and the higher position titles experienced serious occupational stress and emotional exhaustion,nurses who in unhealthy marriage status （divorced,widowed,separated） experienced bad social support.The path coefficient of demand,control and support to emotional exhaustion were 0.31,-0.24,-0.20.Conclusion The ministration should emphases on nurses who work in tertiary hospitals,aged between 40 and 〈 50,had higher educational background,in unhealthy marriage status （divorced,widowed,separated）,reduce widowed,enhance control and support to reduce emotional exhaustion,improve the working mood.

关 键 词：护士 职业紧张 情绪耗竭 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]