控(微囊)藻鲢、鳙排泄物光能与生长活性  

Growth and photosynthetic activity of Microcystis colonies after gut passage through silver carp and bighead carp

作　　者：王银平[1,2] 谷孝鸿[1] 曾庆飞[1] 谷先坤[1,2] 毛志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第7期1707-1715,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"农村领域科技计划课题(2012BAD25B06/07);国家自然科学基金项目(31270506);环保部环保公益项目科研专项(2010467014)

摘　　要：利用叶绿素荧光技术,通过原位培养滤食性鱼类鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)摄食微囊藻(Microcysis)后的排泄物,研究鲢、鳙滤食对藻类光能及生长活性的影响。结果表明,微囊藻经鲢、鳙滤食后,排泄当天,其叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光合活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ实际光能转化效率(Yield)和光合电子传递速率(ETR)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而光化学猝灭(qP)和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随后,微囊藻的光合活性逐渐恢复,鲢、鳙组的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield和qP分别在第3天和第5天开始呈上升趋势,至实验结束时显著高于对照组,其中鲢组高于鳙组。而NPQ呈下降趋势,第13 d极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。原位培养期间,鲢、鳙组藻细胞密度和叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度呈增长趋势,且鲢组明显高于鳙组;鳙组藻类游离胞外多糖含量增长幅度高于鲢组。实验结束时,鲢、鳙组浮游藻类总生物量分别为对照组7.78、6.55倍,绿藻(Chlorophyta)和硅藻(Bacillariophyta)相对生物量增加,但微囊藻贡献率达93%以上。相关性分析显示,鲢组藻细胞密度、Chl a浓度和胞外多糖含量与Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield、ETR、qP均极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与NPQ呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。鳙组藻细胞密度、Chl a浓度和胞外多糖含量仅与ETR呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与NPQ呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。可见,鲢、鳙单次滤食未对微囊藻造成生理上的致命损伤,藻类由于超补偿生长,其光合及生长活性在短期恢复并显著增强,有潜在加速水体富营养化可能,鲢、鳙增殖放流以控制蓝藻水华的措施值得商榷。Proliferation of cyanobacteria is a global problem in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems. Silver carp （Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ） and bighead carp （Aristichthys nobilis ） have been considered effective in suppressing cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes. Long-term observations in Lake Donghu and Lake Qiandaohu documented that silver carp and bighead carp can efficiently suppress Microcystis blooms. However, the introduction of silver carp and bighead carp into blooming waters not always brings about the expected result, Some ponds stocked with planktivorous carp have been reported reasons may come from that the photosynthetic activity namely a decrease in phytoplankton biomass. to show an increase in phytoplankton biomass. One of the of Cyanobacteria after gut passage remains unaffected or even increases. In order to test the effect of silver carp and bighead carp＇s digest on Microcystis, chlorophyll fluorescence technique was employed. Chlorophyll fluorescence technique provides a swift, accurate, and nondestructive way for assessing the efficiency of photochemical conversion and it has become an increasingly powerful tool widely used in the study of photosynthesis. In our study, the growth and photosynthetic activity of Cyanobacteria after passage through the intestines of silver carp and bighead carp were compared with those taken directly from Lake Taihu during a 13-day in situ dialysis culture. The hypothesis for experiment reported in the study was that cyanobacteria in excretions might retain photosynthetic activity after gut passage. The aim of this work was to prove viability of the digested phytoplankton using multi-fluorescence parameters in comparison to the untreated water bloom from the same source population.Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters （ including maximal optical quantum efficiency of PS II （ Fv/Fm）, Potential activity of PS II （ Fv/Fo）, effective optical quantu yield of PS II （Yield）, PS II-driven electron transport rate （ETR）, photochemical quenching （qP

关 键 词：叶绿素荧光 微囊藻 鲢鳙 排泄物 胞外多糖 

分 类 号：S965.113[农业科学—水产养殖] S965.114[农业科学—水产科学]