英国实施各级各类教育衔接和沟通的实践与教训  

Connecting and Referencing Qualifications Frameworks: Lessons Connecting Lessons Learnt from the UK Experience

作　　者：张伟远[1] 段承贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港大学专业进修学院持续教育及终身学习研究中心

出　　处：《中国远程教育》2014年第7期11-18,95,共8页Chinese Journal of Distance Education

摘　　要：英国是世界上最早构建和实施资历框架的国家之一,为了建立各级各类教育横向衔接和纵向沟通的教育体系,实现终身学习的社会,进行了长期的探索和实践。本文分为六个部分:第一部分介绍了英国不同地区并存运行的资历框架的概况;第二部分描述了英国五大资历框架的内容和特征,分别是国家资历框架、资历和学分框架、英国高等教育资历框架、苏格兰学分和资历框架,以及威尔士学分和资历框架;第三部分阐述了欧洲两大区域性资历框架,即欧洲高等教育区资历框架和欧洲终身学习资历框架;第四部分分析了英国五大资历框架通过与欧洲资历框架的对接,不仅实现了与欧洲其他国家的资历框架的对接,同时以欧洲两大区域性资历框架作为参照系,间接地为英国内部五大资历框架实现衔接和沟通打下了基础;第五部分讨论了英国资历框架建立的经验和教训;第六部分是结论。作者提出,基于英国发展学分和资历框架的教训,要实现各级各类教育衔接和沟通的终身学习立交桥,必须建立国家层面的经过顶层设计的统一标准的学分和资历框架。The UK is among the first countries to establish and implement qualifications frameworks in the world. It has been exploring an educational system capable of bridging education in different sectors and at different levels in order to build a learning society. This article is composed of six sections. Section 1 gives a brief account of the different qualifications frameworks in practice in different parts of the country. Section 2 describes the contents and features of its five main qualifications frameworks, that is National Qualifications Framework, Qualifications and Credit Framework, Framework for Higher Education Qualifications, Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework, and Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales. Section 3 discusses two regional qualifications frameworks in Europe: Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area and European Qualification Framework for Lifelong Learning. Section 4 analyzes the compatibility of the UK frameworks with the two European regional frameworks, arguing that this compatibility may be used indirectly as reference for the interconnection of the five major domestic frameworks. Section 5 discusses lessons learnt from the UK experience. Section 6 presents the conclusion. Informed by the UK experience, the authors maintain that the establishment of national criteria for credit and qualifications frameworks is essential to bridging education in different sectors and at different levels.

关 键 词：英国终身教育 欧盟终身教育 资历框架 终身学习立交桥 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]