长春市108例乳母乳汁多不饱和脂肪酸水平调查与分析  

ANALYSIS OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN HUMAN BREAK MILK FROM 108 LACTATING WOMEN IN CHANGCHUN

作　　者：刘国良[1] 甘振威[1] 杨镜玉[2] 邓娟[2] 何纯川 谢林[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学公共卫生学院预防实验中心,长春130021 [2]吉林大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室,长春130021

出　　处：《营养学报》2014年第2期131-134,140,共5页Acta Nutrimenta Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81102115);中国营养学会营养科研基金-帝斯曼专项(2012年)

摘　　要：目的本项研究旨在探讨健康乳母膳食及乳汁中n-6和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸水平的关系。方法研究对象为108例来自长春的健康哺乳期妇女,孕期及哺乳期均未服用多不饱和脂肪酸补充剂。在产后20+3 d收集母乳样本,并进行3 d 24 h膳食回顾调查,用《中国食物成分表》计算5种多不饱和脂肪酸膳食摄入量。采用直接酯化一步法,应用气相色谱仪测定乳汁中8种多不饱和脂肪酸水平,其中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸5种,n-3多不饱和脂肪酸3种。结果 108例乳母乳汁中花生四烯酸(ARA)浓度(0.273±0.176)mg/ml,二十二碳六烯酸[DHA,(0.175±0.123)mg/ml,亚油酸[LA,18:2 n-6,(1.238±0.772)mg/ml],α-亚麻酸[ALA,18:3 n-3,(0.548±0.383)mg/ml],二十二碳四烯酸(C22:4n-6),为(0.065±0.041)mg/ml,二高γ-亚麻酸(C20:3 n-6),为(0.190±0.118)mg/ml,γ-亚麻酸[C18:3 n-6,为(0.131±0.115)mg/ml],二十碳五烯酸(EPA)为(0.031±0.033)mg/ml。膳食ALA和LA的摄入量呈显著正相关(r=0.746,P<0.01)。然而,膳食ALA的摄入量与母乳中的EPA水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.261,P<0.01)。结论长春108例哺乳期妇女乳汁中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸二十二碳四烯酸水平最低,n-3多不饱和脂肪酸EPA水平最低。ALA与LA竞争体内的同一脂肪酸去饱和酶,可能是膳食ALA与乳汁中EPA水平呈负相关的原因。Objective To determine the relation between dietary intakes of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and their levels in breast milk in lactating women. Methods The study subjects consisted of 108 healthy lactating women in Changchun. Dietary intakes of fatty acid were estimated by 24 h diet recall. Breast milk samples were collected at day 20＋3 postpartum. Fatty acid composition of breast milk was detected by gas chromatography. Results The milk fatty acids concentrations were as follows： ARA （0.273±0.176） mg/ml, DHA （0.175±0.123） mg/ml, linoleic （LA, 18：2n-6, （1.238±0.772） mg/ml）, linolenic acid （ALA, 18：3n-3, （0.548-4-0.383） mg/ml）, C22：4n-6 （0.065±0.041） mg/ml, C20：3n-6 （0.190±0.118） mg/ml, C18：3n-6 （0.131 ±0.115） mg/ml, EPA （0.031 ±0.033） mg/ml. Dietary ALA and LA intakes were highly correlated （r = 0.746, P〈 0.01）. However, dietary ALA intake were inversely associated with EPA content in breast milk （r=-0.261, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The concentration of C22：4n-6 is the lowest among n-6 fatty acids, and EPA is the lowest among n-3 fatty acids in breast milk of 108 lactating women in changchun. The competitive interaction of ALA with LA for the same desaturase enzyme may be the reason why dietary ALA intake and EPA in breast milk are inversely correlated.

关 键 词：人乳 多不饱和脂肪酸 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]