刺激的编码效力对重复知盲的影响  

The Effect of Encoding Effectiveness from the Stimulus on Repetition Blindness

作　　者：冷英[1,2] 邹煜晖[3] 莫雷[3] 

机构地区：[1]南通大学教育科学学院,南通226007 [2]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234 [3]华南师范大学心理学院,广州510631

出　　处：《心理学报》2014年第5期593-606,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十二五”规划2012年度教育学一般课题(BBA120018)

摘　　要：通过改变目标刺激和非目标刺激的编码效力,探讨重复知盲发生的机制。采用RSVP任务,操作目标的重复性与目标的性质(实验1a和实验2)、位置(实验1b)和非目标的字频(实验2),对比不同条件下第二个重复刺激的正确报告率。结果是:(1)非目标为字母、目标是字母时的重复知盲大于目标为电脑符号时的重复知盲。(2)非目标为字母、目标为电脑符号时,目标在1和3位置时出现了重复知盲,而在2和4位置时没有出现重复知盲。(3)当非目标为高频汉字、目标也是高频汉字时的重复知盲大于目标为符号时的重复知盲。(4)当目标为高频汉字、非目标是高频汉字时出现了重复知盲,而非目标是低频汉字时重复知盲消失。实验结果表明,字母和汉字条件下,目标刺激和非目标刺激的编码效力都会对重复知盲产生影响,支持竞争假设。Repeating an item in a brief or rapid display usually produces faster or more accurate identifying of the item. However, sometimes the repetition produces the opposite effect that the second occurrence （R2） of a target （R1） in RSVP paradigm often fails to be reported. This phenomenon is called repetition blindness （Kanwisher, 1987）. Existing theories of repetition blindness can be classified as activation/inhibition view which holds that the ability to report an item’s occurrence in short time depends on activation of an abstract representation of the item, and construction/attribution view which hold that the variability of repetition blindness when different aspects of the processing episode are changed （Morris, Still, ＆amp;Caldwell-Harris, 2009）. But neither view is able to explain the evidence from studies supporting the other view. Morris et al. （2009） supposed the Competition Hypothesis and challenged those views. According to the hypothesis, inter-item competition in RSVP is the key to initiate repetition blindness. However, the Competition Hypothesis did not explore the effect of encoding＆amp;nbsp;effectiveness from the different stimuli in RSVP on the inter-item competition. The present study conducted three experiments with the RSVP paradigm to investigate the occurrence mechanism of repetition blindness. We manipulated the property of target stimuli （English letters or computer symbols） in Experiment 1a and the position of target stimuli （Position 1 and 3 or Position 2 and 4） in Experiment 1b to explore whether the encoding effectiveness of stimuli influenced the processing of repeated items. In Experiment 2, the property of target stimuli （Chinese characters or computer symbols） was manipulated to verify the reliability of the result of Experiment 1 and the rationality of the Competition Hypothesis. Experiment 3 investigated the effect of the encoding effectiveness of non-target stimuli on repetition blindness by manipulating the word frequency of non-target stim

关 键 词：重复知盲 编码效力 产生机制 竞争假设 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]