影响灾区教师职业倦怠和工作投入的工作特征因素:跨时间的比较  

The Effect of Job Characteristics on Teachers' Burnout and Work Engagement after Wenchuan Earthquake:Comparison over Times

作　　者：齐亚静[1] 伍新春[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2014年第2期301-305,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学规划项目(06AgJY0006)资助

摘　　要：目的:探讨汶川灾区教师职业倦怠和工作投入现状以及工作特征对其预测作用是否存在时间差异。方法:采用中小学教师工作特征问卷、中小学教师职业倦怠问卷和中文版Utrecht工作投入量表,分别在2009年和2010年共对586名汶川灾区教师进行问卷调查。结果:①与第一次测量相比,第二次测量时教师的情绪衰竭得分显著提高,非人性化得分显著降低,工作投入得分显著提高。②工作负荷(+)、情绪要求(+)和工作回报(-)对情绪衰竭的预测作用存在跨时间的一致性;而学生不良行为(-)、职业道德要求(+)和工作意义(+)则对工作投入具有稳定的预测作用。③角色压力、升学考试压力、组织支持和硬件条件对职业倦怠、工作投入的预测作用存在时间差异。④自主控制和同事支持对职业倦怠和工作投入不存在预测作用。结论:减少工作负荷和情绪要求,增加工作回报有利于缓解职业倦怠;提升职业道德要求和工作意义有利于促进工作投入;而其他工作特征的影响作用则存在程度和时间上的差异。Objective： To investigate the burnout and work engagement status of the Wenchuan disaster area teachers, and to explore if job characteristics＇ prediction to them different in different times. Methods： Total 586 primary and middle school teachers of Wenchuan, finished the Teachers＇ Job Characteristics Scale, Teachers＇ Burnout Scale and the Chinese Version of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, respectively at 2009 and 2010. Results： （1）At the second measurement, Emotional exhaustion was significantly higher; depersonalization level was significantly lower; and work engagement was significantly higher than the first measurement. （2）Workload （＋）, emotional demands （＋） and work reward （-） predict emo- tional exhaustion over time consistently; and pupil misbehavior （-）, occupation moral requirements （＋） and significance of work （＋） predicted work engagement over time consistently. （3）Role stress, the entrance examination pressure, organization- al support and hardware conditions predicted burnout and work engagement differently over time. @Autonomy and cowork- er support didn＇ t predict burnout and work engagement any well. Conclusion： Reduce work load and emotional demands, increase work reward could decrease burnout; enhance occupation moral requirements and significance of work could in- crease work engagement; and the effect of other job characteristics were different in degree and time.

关 键 词：汶川灾区教师 工作要求 工作资源 职业倦怠 工作投入 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]