交流恐惧至中国大学生面众恐惧研究发展轨迹  

The Development of Communication Apprehension and Chinese University Students' Facing-Audience Communication Apprehension

作　　者：王洪礼[1,2,3] 赵向霞[1,2] 袁宜[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学教育科学学院,贵州师范大学教育心理与智能开发研究所,贵阳550001 [2]贵州省心理健康教育协会,贵州省心理学会,贵阳550001 [3]贵州省普通高校基础心理与认知神经科学特色重点实验室,贵阳550001

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第3期639-642,共4页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“大学生面众恐惧现状与矫治对策研究”(BBA100019)的资助

摘　　要：美国学者McCroskey最早使用交流恐惧这一概念并编制了交流恐惧自陈量表等调研工具,此后有研究者对交流恐惧进行本土化研究。国外学者对交流恐惧产生的原因作了多方面的分析探讨和干预研究,中国学者对交流恐惧的研究主要以大学生为研究对象,并在2007年发展至面众恐惧研究,2011年精心研制了《中国大学生面众恐惧调查量表》(2011修订版),在2012年对中国西南地区四省(市)2800多名大学生的调研中提出了相应的预防、矫治对策,给大学生乃至中小学生的心理素质与心理健康教育提供了一条密切联系实际的培养训练途径。This paper seeks to review the concepts, measurements, influencing factors and treatments of communication apprehension （CA） in order to gain insights into the research of communication apprehension overseas and its development in China. Scholars from home and abroad have done much study in communication apprehension. McCroskey, an American scholar who is the first to use CA in a publication, classifies communication apprehension and develops Personal Report of Communication Apprehension （PRCA） to investi- gate communication apprehension. His studies raise great interest of research in the communication field and many researchers study the causes and development, measurements, and treatments of CA. Gradually, researchers from other countries, as well as American re- searchers, are conducting indigenous studies of CA. Many studies in China focus on university students. Meanwhile, a Chinese psychol- ogist proposes a new concept named facing -audience communication apprehension （FACA） in 2007. FACA includes 4 aspects： plat- form apprehension, interview apprehension, affairs - handling apprehension, and in - group and off - campus communication apprehen- sion. In 2011, the Chinese University Student＇s Facing- Audience Communication Apprehension Scale was developed to investigate Chinese university students＇ FACA, which provides a new insight into the psychological health of Chinese university students. Researchers find that the phenomenon of CA is common among people, and people with high CA are handicapped by their CA in studying, working and living. Some researchers agree that the four main causes of CA are reinforcement, lack of skills training or acqui- sition, modeling, and genetic predispositions. Meanwhile, other researchers find some major elements in the situation that can result in increased CA, such as novelty, formality, subordinate status, conspicuousness, unfamiliarity, dissimilarity, degree of attention from others. The study of FACA finds that university students＇ gender, grade, m

关 键 词：交流恐惧 面众恐惧 影响因素矫治对策 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]