超高压气动加注阀流量特性试验研究  

Experimental Investigation on the Flow Characteristics of a Novel Super High Pressure Pneumatic Fueling Valve

作　　者：刘洋[1] 姚晓先[1] 宋晓东[1] 李坤[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [2]中国航天科工飞航技术研究院北京机电工程研究所,北京100074

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2014年第5期299-304,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2011AA7043024);国家'985'工程三期重点建设项目(BIT-2011-ZHB134);总装'十二五'兵器装备预研项目

摘　　要：以预混高压气体加注为工程背景,对超高压气体精确加注的关键元件——超高压气动加注阀的流量特性进行了试验研究。利用杠杆原理和自密封结构设计,解决了超高压气动加注阀阀芯驱动力大、响应速度慢和高压气体泄漏的难题,设计出中低压小流量控制高压大流量的超高压气动加注阀。阐述了气动加注阀阀口流量特性的试验装置和测试系统,建立了阀门不同开度下的加注阀流道简化模型,在加注压力大于10 MPa条件下,对气动加注阀在不同阀口节流面积下的流量特性进行了试验研究。试验表明,储罐气体背压增长率和阀门开启高度对阀口流量特性影响较大;阀门开度较大时,阀口流道可简化为两级节流口串联,流量特性与理想收缩喷管相符,临界压力比在0.5左右;阀口开度较小时,阀口流道可简化为三级节流口串联,流量特性比较独特,临界压力比在0.3左右;增大阀门开度和加注压力是提高瞬时流量和流量系数最为有效的方法。The flow characteristics of super-high pressure pneumatic fueling valve, a critical component of the fueling system, were detailed investigated by experimental way. The problems of large driving power need,slow response and high pressure gas leakage of super-high pressure pneumatic fueling valve, were solved by using pneumatic lever rule and self-acting sealing structure. A two-stage valve that used a pilot solenoid valve, moderate pressure and low flux, to control a high pressure and large flow-rate poppet valve is developed. A test apparatus with the affiliated measurement system for testing the flow characteristics of the pneumatic fueling valve orifice were introduced. A simplified model of the flow channel of fueling valve for different valve lift was obtained. Experimental study on the flow characteristics of the pneumatic fueling valve with different orifice throttling area was carried out under the condition that the pressure is higher than 10MPa. The results show that the back pressure growth rate of tank and the lift of valve rod have great influences on the flow characteristic of valve orifice. When valve lift is relative taller, the gas channel could be simplified as two-stage orifices in series, the flow characteristics are in accordance with that of ideal converging nozzle, and the critical pressure ratio is 0.5. When valve lift is relatively lower, the gas channel can be simplified as three-stage orifices in series, shows different flow characteristics, and the critical pressure ratio is 0.3. Increasing the valve lift and the injecting pressure is the most effective solution to enhance both the transient mass flow-rate and the discharge coefficient.

关 键 词：超高压气动 气动加注阀 瞬态流动 流量特性 试验 

分 类 号：TH138[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]