心性学与美的奠基  

Learning of Mental-Nature and the Foundation of Beauty

作　　者：张晚林[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学哲学系,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《美育学刊》2014年第3期37-48,共12页Journal of Aesthetic Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目<中国古典美学的实践智慧研究>(11YJA720037);湖南省教育厅重点项目<中国水墨画语言融入丝网版画的价值与思考>(B41208);湖南省社会科学基金项目<儒学的终极境域及其精神实践研究>的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：美不是外在的形式的观赏,而是内在精神的灵觉与触动。因此,美在于一个精神实体而不是孤悬松散的外在形式。在西方,宗教学家常把美奠基于上帝,且这样奠基的美不是外在孤悬的形式的美,而是真善美合一的美。但因为上帝只是一个外在的对象,人们并不能直观之,因此并没有真正的灵觉与触动,故美亦不可能。中国传统的心性学认为,人人皆有绝对且唯一的精神实体——四端之心,通过涵养工夫即可使其灵现,进而被人所直观。于是,四端之心作为绝对唯一的精神实体,之于人有了真切的灵觉与触动,美由此亦得以可能。因此,四端之心为美进行了奠基。也只有在这里,才能谈真正的审美教育问题。Because beauty is not the contemplation of the external form but the awakening of the inner spirit, it is a spiritual entity rather than a loose external form. In the West, theologists give beauty a divine foundation so that beauty, thus founded , also embodies truth and benevolence. But God being just an external object, it cannot be intuited , therefore there cannot be a true awakening of the inner spirit and beauty becomes impossible. On the contrary, in traditional Chinese learning of mental-nature, it is thought that everybody is endowed with the only absolute spiritual entity, that is, the ＂four fundamental principles＂ of righteousness, benevolence, ritual and wisdom, and through self-improvement this entity can be intuited and beauty is thereby brought into being. Therefore, the ＂four fundamental principles ＂ constitute the foundation of beauty. Only in this light can there be an intelligent discussion of the issue of aesthetic education.

关 键 词：心性学 美 审美教育 上帝 奠基 心性 

分 类 号：B83-09[哲学宗教—美学]