信号交叉口行人专用相位安全效益评价方法研究  

Research on method for evaluating safety and efficiency of exclusive pedestrian phase

作　　者：袁黎[1,2] 葛兴 雷智鹢[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学土木与交通学院,讲师江苏南京210098 [2]长沙理工大学公路工程教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410014 [3]湖州市规划局,工程师浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2014年第3期85-90,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(51308192);长沙理工大学公路工程教育部重点实验室资助(kfj130106)

摘　　要：为评估信号交叉口行人专用相位实施的效果,探讨路口实施行人专用信号的可行性,兼顾路口交通安全与效益指标,建立安全效益评价方法。首先分析车流与行人交叉口发生冲突的机理,引入行人间距的概念,定义行人的列冲突当量及行冲突当量,建立交叉口人车期望潜在冲突模型;并依据事故损失来计算单位车流、行人停车延误时间成本和个人平均生命价值,估算单位人车期望冲突量成本,最终建立路口整体安全效益评价方法。结果表明:车道流量、路口行人流量及车流右转比是影响路口实施行人专用相位的效益的显著因素;人车冲突成本、行人停等延误成本及车流停车延误成本是评估路口实施行人专用相位的效益的主要衡量指标。实例表明,应在行人流量较高或车流右转比较大的路口实施行人专用相位。A method was worked out for evaluation efficiency of exclusive pedestrian phase at signalized intersection. The mechanism of vehicle pedestrian conflict and pedestrian spacing concept were introduced. A row-pedestrian-equivalent and a line-pedestrian-equivalent were adopted to determine expected conflicts between pedestrian and vehicles. Efficiency is expressed in terms of pedestrian delay and vehicle delay. Safety is expressed by the expected conflicts between pedestrian and vehicles. Delays and conflicts are further expressed in monetary by adopting average national income and value of life,respectively. The research results show that there are three variables which are most critical in affecting the performance of signal phase design,that they are vehicle volume,pedestrian volume,and ratio of right-turn vehicle to total number of vehicles,that main indicators which should be used in evaluating the efficiency are pedestrian-vehicle conflict cost,pedestrian waiting delay cost and vehicle stop delay cost,and that exclusive pedestrian phase would be a good design for intersections with a high pedestrian volume,and a high rightturn vehicle ratio.

关 键 词：信号交叉口 行人专用相位 人车冲突 行人间距 交通安全 延误 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]