现代汉语“来”的功能与分布  

On Functions and Distributions of“Lai”in Modern Chinese

作　　者：李晓飞[1] 李霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学泰州学院中文系,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2014年第2期85-88,共4页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

摘　　要：现代汉语"来"在句法层面上主要作谓语和补语,在语用层面上常用来标记自然焦点。谓语"来"分布于"NP+来"、"NP+来+VP"句式中;补语"来"常分布于"NP+VP+来"结构中,补语"来"在句中常用来表示动作趋向义和完成结果义,"来(趋)"主要出现于"N施+V来、(N处所)+V来+(NUM)+N施、(N施)+V来+(NUM)+N受、N受+V来"这几种句法格式中,"来(结)"主要出现于"N施+V来、N1+‘跟/和’+N2+V+得/不+‘来’、N受+N施+V+不+‘来’"这几种句法格式中;"来"用来标记焦点时常分布于"VP1+来+VP2"、"PP+来+VP"、"S1,来+S2"。In contemporary Chinese language, ＂Lai＂ can be used as predicate and complement at the syntactic level and com- monly used to mark a natural focus at the pragmatic level. When ＂Lai＂ used as predicate, it mainly used in the sentence patterns of ＂NP＋Lai＂ and ＂NP＋Lai＋VP＂. When it used as complement, it is often used in the structure of ＂NP＋VP＋Lai＂. When ＂Lai＂ functions as complement, the expressions of the meaning of action tendency and the meaning of accomphshment are demonstrated in different syntactic structures, which mainly include ＂N-UVLai, （N） ＋VLai＋ （NuM） ＋N , （N） ＋VLai ＋ （NuM） ＋N, N＋VLai＂. When used at the end of the sentence, ＂Lai＂ （end） mainly appears in the syntactic structures of ＂N＋VLai, N1＋ ＇And/With＇ ＋N2＋V＋Can/Can＇t＋ ＇Lai＇, N＋N＋V＋Can＇t＋ ＇Lai＇＂. When＂Lai＂ functions as focus marker, ＂Lai＂ presents the sentence pattern of ＂VP1 ＋ Lai ＋VP2＂, ＂PP＋ Lai ＋VP＂, ＂S1, Lai ＋S2＂

关 键 词：“来” 谓语 补语 焦点标记 功能分布 

分 类 号：H109.4[语言文字—汉语]