原始道教的兴起与“五德终始说”的演变--东汉黄巾军口号与“五德终始说”关系讨论  

The Rise of Primitive Taoism and Transformation of the Rotation of the Five Virtues Doctrine

作　　者：胡克森[1] 

机构地区：[1]邵阳学院中文系湖南,邵阳422000

出　　处：《史学月刊》2014年第6期17-27,共11页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大课题“长江流域宗教文化研究”(11ZD&117);湖南省社科基金重点项目“长江流域宗教文化研究”(12ZDB31)的阶段性研究成果;湖南省“十二五”重点建设学科(湘教发【2011】76号)的资助

摘　　要：原始道教兴起于两汉严重的社会危机之中,原始道经信奉者原本提出了一套救世方案劝说最高统治者进行政治改良,在多次进献救世经典均遭拒绝之后便走向民间传道布教,发动民众进行暴力革命。在原始道经信奉者从社会改良到暴力革命的转变过程中,借助的舆论宣传手段就是"五德终始"理论的相生和相胜说。在劝说最高统治者进行政治改良时信奉相生说,而当他们进行暴力革命时,主张的是相胜说。黄巾军"苍天已死,黄天当立"口号中的"苍天"之"苍"是蓝色,是水的颜色,象征东汉的水德;而"黄天"象征黄巾农民政权,是土德,表示土胜水。从此以后,相生说与相胜说便成为上层统治阶级与下层人民在有关朝代更迭问题上各自不同的话语体系和思想认识路径。Came into being in the serious social crisis the primitive Taoism in fact had a series of social salvation projects which aimed at persuading the highest ruler to carry out political reform. After being refused more than once it went to the populaces to propagate and preach its doctrine and organize them undertaking violent revolution. In this transforming process the primitive Taoists used the Rotation of the Five Virtues Doctrine as their theory weapon. In persuading the highest ruler to undertake political reform they held the five virtues mutual introduction belief; while in conducting violent revolution they held the five virtues mutual conquering theory. In the Huangjin troop slogan＂the blue heaven is over and the yellow heaven is coming＂, the blue color means the water color which was the symbol of the Eastern Han dynasty, the yellow heaven was the symbol of the Huangjin power, since the yellow is the color of soil so it means the soil will conquer the water. Thereafter for both the upper ruling class and the lower class the mutual introduction and the mutual conquering doctrines became their separate discourses and thinking ways in explaining dynastic fortune.

关 键 词：原始道教 相胜说 黄巾军口号 苍天 黄天 

分 类 号：B959[哲学宗教—宗教学]