高原环境柴油机增压中冷一体化技术研究  

Study on Integrated Turbocharging and Intercooling System of High Power Diesel Engine in Plateau Environment

作　　者：王宪成[1] 郭猛超[1,2] 程江华[3] 谷操 胡力峰[3] 

机构地区：[1]装甲兵工程学院机械工程系,北京100072 [2]总装西安军代局,西安710032 [3]中国北方发动机研究所,大同037036 [4]北京丰凯换热器有限责任公司,北京100072

出　　处：《内燃机工程》2014年第3期112-117,共6页Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering

基　　金：军队科研项目(2011CJ016)

摘　　要：针对某重型车辆柴油机高原环境(海拔高于3000m)进气密度下降显著的问题,考虑车辆动力装置结构紧凑、功率密度高等特点,提出增压中冷一体化技术:根据伯努利方程,采用计入摩擦与扩压的"等环量"设计方法对原机压气机蜗壳进行改型优化;采用对流强化传热技术与快速成型技术,设计了三种紧凑型水冷方案;从水散热器后取水,在改进后的压气机蜗壳内部冷却进气,实现增压系统上集成一体化中冷。通过数值仿真与水-汽中冷器传热台架试验,从柴油机高原进气冷却需求、中冷器传热效能、流动阻力特性等方面分析了环形中冷器的热流特性。针对改进前后的柴油机进气方案,进行增压器台架试验,将改进前后压气机特性与发动机的高原匹配进行对比分析,得出了一体化进气方案对发动机性能的影响。试验结果表明:在海拔3700m标定工况下,环形中冷器可使发动机压气机后气体温度降低30℃以上;在海拔4500m外特性工况下,采用一体化装置,取水量为10m3/h,中冷器进水温度90℃,可使柴油机功率最高提升4.5%。Seeing that high power density demand and compartment space constraint for vehicle engine, the integrated turbocharging ＆ intercooling system （ITCS） was put forward. Constant circulation flow method considering friction and diffuser losses based on Bernoulli equation was applied to design the new compressor volute. Convection heat transfer enhancement technology and rapid prototyping technology were adopted to design three kinds of efficient compact intercoolers installed in the improved compressor volute and cooled by water from radiator,thus realizing turbocharger ＆ intercooler integration. Heat flux performance of the an- nular cooler was analyzed by simulation and altitude heat exchanger bench test based on the cooling demand of plateau, intercooler heat exchange characteristics and flow resistance. By turbocharger bench test and comparative research on the plateau match between ITCS and engine, the influence of ITCS on engine performance were analyzed. The results show that at altitude 3700 m in rated power condition, compressor outlet temperature is reduced 35. I℃ by the integrated annular intercooler and at 4500 m altitude,on the full load speed characteristics when cooling water flow 10 m3 and intercooler inlet water temperature 90℃ ,engine power increases 4.5 % at most.

关 键 词：内燃机 柴油机 高原 增压中冷一体化技术 环形中冷器 

分 类 号：TK421.8[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]