农村学校撤并的社会代价反思  

Reflection on the Social Costs of School Consolidation in Rural Areas

作　　者：秦玉友[1] 曾文婧[1] 

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学农村教育研究所,长春130024

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2014年第10期39-44,共6页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"农村学校布局调整评价研究"(12JJD880009)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：上世纪70年代中后期,我国农村小学和初中先后达到学校数量的峰值,但到2012年,小学减少了85%,初中减少了90%。过度的农村中小学撤并导致大量农村学校急剧消失,引发农村社会的多层面社会问题。从社区层面看,农村社区与学校疏离感增加,社区居民交流频率降低,文化正向引导功能减弱;从家庭层面看,现实的家庭完整性受到影响,晚辈主导文化的反哺影响式微,家长关爱需要难以得到满足;从学生层面看,学生家庭认知不良,参与学校社会活动的机会减少,新学校适应融入困难。分析农村学校撤并后这些层面所承受的社会代价,提出有针对性的改进措施,可以最大限度地减少学校撤并带来的负面影响,扩大农村学校布局调整的积极效应。In the late 1970s, the number of elementary schools and middle schools in rural areas had reached the peak. By 2012, the number of elementary schools in rural areas had decreased by 85% and the number of middle schools in rural areas had decreased by 90%.The excessive school consolidation lead to a drastic reduction of the number of elementary schools and middle schools in rural areas, making the communities where the consolidated schools situated have to undertake the corresponding social costs. At the community level, it caused the sense of alienation increased, the frequency of communication reduced and the cultural guidance function blocked in rural communities; At the family level, it make the real integrity of family affected negatively, the influence of prefigurative culture declined and the care needs of parents difficult to satisfy; At the students level, it make the family cognation of children weakened, the opportunity to participating in social activities reduced and the adjustment to new school more difficult. It can minimize the negative impact brought by school consolidation and expand the positive effects of school consolidation in rural areas to analysis the social costs that rural community have to undertake, and to propose targeted improvement measures.

关 键 词：学校撤并 乡村社会 社会代价 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]