河南省李斯特氏菌种群特征和生态分布的研究  

Study on Listeria species characteristics and ecological distribution in Henan

作　　者：张秀丽[1] 廖兴广[1] 张丁[1] 朱宝玉[1] 徐国锋 李岩 王想霞 

机构地区：[1]河南省卫生防疫站,河南郑州450003 [2]濮阳市职业病防治研究所,河南濮阳457000 [3]洛阳市卫生防疫站,河南洛阳471000 [4]濮阳市卫生防疫站,河南濮阳457000

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2001年第1期71-76,共6页Henan Medical Research

基　　金：河南省医药卫生科研重点项目

摘　　要：目的 :阐明我省李斯特氏菌的种群特征和生态分布状况 ,查清李斯特氏菌主要危害食品和传播途径 ,进一步研究环境因素、理化因素和生物因素对李斯特氏菌的影响。方法 :采集本省不同区域的样品 ,按GB4789 30 94进行李斯特氏菌的检测和鉴定。结果 :1 从我省市售的食品、新鲜的人畜粪便、水体、土壤等 13类样本 ,均检出了李斯特氏菌 ,李斯特氏菌主要分布于屠宰场污水、蔬菜地土壤、新鲜猪便、河水、鲜牛奶、生肉、新鲜牛便等。在种群分布特征上 ,仅检出李斯特氏菌的四个种别 ,依次为L inn、L mon、L gra和L wel。 2 李斯特氏菌在我省的分布呈非均匀性 ,这种非均匀性分布与各地区自然环境及社会因素等密切相关。 3 冬季有利于李斯特氏菌的检出。 4 李斯特氏菌对酸、盐和低温的耐受性较强 ,但对热的抵抗力较弱 ,80℃ 5分钟即可将其全部杀死。结论 :李斯特氏菌广泛分布于我省的自然环境中 ,严重污染各类食品 ,且人畜均有一定的带染群体。可以介水、通过污染的各类食品传播 ;在地理分布特征上 ,李斯特氏菌主要分布于东南部淮河冲积平原和中北部中原 ,这种地理分布的差异与土壤壤质、经济发展水平、人群卫生意识等密切相关 。Objective: To expound Listeria species characteristics and ecological distribution in Henan, find out the main dangerous foods with listerella and spreading ways, and probe into the influenl on listerella existence and distribution by surroundings, physical, chemical and biological factors. Methods: Samples were collected from different areas, Listeria sp were isolated and identified according to GB4789.30-94. Results: 1. Listerella were found in total 13 kinds of samples such as selling foods, water system and soil,etc. The majority of listerlla were existed in slaughterhouse sewage, fresh milk and raw meat, etc. Only 4 Listeria species were detected. They were L.inn., L.mon.,L.gra. and L.wel. in order.2.The listerella disteribution was irregular tightly related with local natural environment and social factors. 3. Listerella were easily isolated in winter. 4. Listerella had a property of resistance to acid, saline and low temperature, but sensitive to higher temperature. Conclusion: The results showed that listerella existed widely in the natural environment in Henan, and the most of foods were contaminated. Some people and cattle were carriers. Listerella were mainly distributed in south east alluvial plain and north plain, the different distribution was related with soil texture, local economy and the public hygenic knowledge. (was put forward precautionary measures for listeriosis and food poisoning).

关 键 词：李斯特氏菌 生态分布 种群特征 

分 类 号：R378.994[医药卫生—病原生物学]