注意缺陷多动障碍儿童阅读能力初探  

Reading ability in children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder

作　　者：王恩聪[1] 孙黎[1] 宋艳[2] 吴占良[1] 何华[1] 陈进[1] 曹庆久[1] 赵希希[1] 王玉凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第六医院,北京大学精神卫生研究所,卫生部精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),北京100191 [2]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,脑与认知科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2014年第6期434-439,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81371496,30970802);973项目子课题(2014CB846104)

摘　　要：目的:初步探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的阅读能力特点及其与临床症状的关系。方法:选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)ADHD诊断标准的儿童38名以及性别、年龄匹配的正常儿童28名,应用ADHD症状评定量表(ADHD-RS)和中国韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)分别评定ADHD儿童的症状严重程度和智力水平,并比较两组儿童完成数字、图片快速命名(RAN)反应时间及完成随机点运动(RDK)时视觉刺激一致性运动阈值,并分析其与ADHD儿童的ADHD-RS症状得分和智商(IQ)的关系。结果:完成RAN任务时,ADHD儿童的数字[(21.8±6.2)s vs.(18.6±5.9)s]和图片[(39.7±10.2)s vs.(34.3±7.5)s]命名反应时间均长于正常儿童(均P<0.05),图片命名反应时间与记忆/注意IQ呈负相关(r=-0.37,P<0.05);完成RDK任务时,ADHD儿童的一致性运动阈值大于正常儿童[23.3(9.6,65.0)vs.18.7(6.7,43.4),P<0.05],且一致性运动阈值与ADHD-RS总分(r=0.36,P<0.05)呈正相关;与操作智商(r=-0.40,P<0.05)及知觉组织IQ(r=-0.36,P<0.05)呈负相关。结论:ADHD儿童阅读能力较差,可能存在认知加工速度减慢和基本动态视知觉缺陷,且视知觉缺陷越明显的ADHD儿童临床症状越重。Objective： To investigate the reading ability of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and its relation with clinical symptoms. Methods： Thirty-eight drug-naive children with ADHD meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition （DSM-IV） and 28 ageand gender-matched normal children were recruited. The levels of ADHD symptoms and intelligences in children with ADHD were assessed with the ADHD-Rating scale （ADHD-RS） and Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children（C-WISC） respectively. Both groups performed a number- and picture-rapid automatized naming （RAN） and a random dot kinematogram （RDK） tasks. The reaction times of RAN and RDK thresholds of dynamic visual motion stimuli between the two groups were compared. Correlations were calculated between naming speed/RDK threshold and clinical assessment in children with ADHD. Results： In RAN tasks, both the reaction time of numbernaming [（21.8 ±6. 2） s vs. （18.6 ±5.9） s] and picture-naming [（39.7 ± 10. 2） s vs. （34. 3±7.5） s] were longer in children with ADHD than in normal controls （Ps 〈 0. 05）. The reaction time of picture-naming were negatively correlated with memory/attention IQ （M./CIQ）scores in children with ADHD（ r = -0. 37, P 〈 0. 05）. In RDK tasks, the thresholds of consistency motion were higher in children with ADHD than in normal children [ 23.3 （9.6,65.0） vs. 18.7 （6. 7,43.4）, P 〈0. 05], The thresholds of consistency motion in children with ADHD were positively correlated with ADHD-RS scores （r = 0. 36, P 〈 0. 05）, and negatively correlated with performance intel- ligence quotient（r = -0.40, P 〈 0. 05） and perception organization intelligence quotient（ r = -0. 36, P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion： Children with ADHD may suffer from poor reading ability with reduced cognitive processing speed and basic dynamic visual perception. For those children with ADHD, the more obvious the visual perception

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 阅读能力 快速命名 随机点运动 实验心理学 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]