优质早籼稻新品种选育20年  

Study on Breeding of High Quality Early Indica Rice for Twenty Years

作　　者：王侯聪[1] 邱思密[1] 陈如铭[1] 方亚顺[1] 杨觉民[1] 辛泽毓[1] 黄厚哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学生命科学学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》2001年第2期630-641,共12页Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目! (3870 30 2 )

摘　　要：简述自 1979年以来从事优质早籼稻新品种选育研究 ,在育种技术上不断创新 ,积极采用高新技术 ,提高育种效率的成果 .将独创的《水稻成熟花粉辐照诱变育种技术》、细胞工程技术、有性杂交、独特的米质筛选等技术进行有机结合 ,创建了一条高效的水稻新品种育种新途径 .将优质、抗病和高产等优良性状进行聚合 ,取得了突破性的进展 ,基本解决了优质不高产 ;优质不抗病 ;大粒不优质和早稻难优质等难题 .选育出福建省第一个优质早籼新品种“佳禾早占”,成为福建省主推的优质早稻品种之一 ,累计推广 10万 hm2 .The study on breeding of high quality early Indica rice had been started since 1979. The efficiency of breeding was improved through the constant technological innovation and adoption of high and new techniques. The organic combination of the 'Technique of Mutation Breeding by Irradiation on Mature Pollen of Rice', cell engineering, sexual hybridization, and the unique grain-quality-screening, resulted in the establishment of a novel, highly efficient way for breeding of new variety in rice. The critical breakthrough progress was the successful integration of superior characteristics such as good quality, disease resistance, high yield, and others, and thus essentially resolved a series of difficult problems of hardly realizable combinations including: good quality versus high yield, good quality versus disease resistance, big brain versus good quality, as well as the difficulty of raising the quality in early rice. Early Indica rice “Jiahezaozhan”, the first novel high quality variety in Fujian Province, had been stably created, and became one of the major varieties for extensively spreading in this Province with its culture area summed up to 100 000 hm 2.

关 键 词：早籼稻 育种 品种选育 辐照诱变 抗病性 营养品质 高产 

分 类 号：S511.210.3[农业科学—作物学]