云南几种野生茶生态环境与引种试验的初步研究  

Ecological Environment and Introduction Experiments of Three Wild Tea Species from Yunnan

作　　者：罗吉凤[1] 龙春林[1] 周翊兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650204

出　　处：《武汉植物学研究》2001年第1期39-46,共8页Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research

基　　金：美国麦克阿瑟基金会!( 46467-0 );云南省应用基础研究基金!( 93C0 72 );中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目&&

摘　　要：调查了产于滇东南的 3种野生茶 (秃房茶 Camellia gymnogyna Chang、厚轴茶 C.crassicolumna Chang和普洱茶 C.sinensis var.assamica Kitamura)的生态环境 ,其中普洱茶属国家二级保护植物 ,它们均分布于海拔 1 0 0～ 2 540 m的常绿阔叶林或山地苔藓林中。在 5年时间里 ,先后采集上述 3种野生茶的插条、小苗和种子 ,进行了引种繁殖试验。结果表明 :野生茶在昆明地区的引种驯化已取得初步成功 ;扦插和小苗移栽的时间以 6～ 8月份为宜 ;扦插成功的关键是插条须“现采现插”,扦插成活率最高可达 88% ;种子具有休眠期 ,用 70 0× 1 0 - 6GA3处理种子可打破休眠 ;采用 MS+1 .5BA+0 .1 5NAA培养基 ,可用野生茶种子进行组织培养 。The natural ecological environment of 3 species or varieties of wild tea from Southeastern Yunnan,Camellia gymnogyna Chang,C.crassicolumna Chang and C.sinensis var.assamica Kitamura,has been investigated based on a five year field work and intensive observation.They distribute in the evergreen broad leaved forests with an altitude of 100~2540 meters above sea level.Camellia gymnogyna and C.crassicolumna may grow together in mountain cloud forests as high as 2540 meters above sea level.Among these wild tea species,C.sinensis var.assamica is listed in the Red Data Book for Rare and Endangered Plant Species of China.The introduction and propagation experiments of cuttings, seedlings and seeds of 3 species of wild tea have been carried out in the Kunming Botanical Garden since 1995.The major results of introduction practices are as follows:(1) Based on the experiments in July 1998,it is confirmed that the introduction and domestication of 3 wild tea species are successful in their first stage of introduction.(2) The best time for cultivation of cuttings and seedlings of wild tea is from June to August.(3) The key point to ensure cutting success is to insert cuttings into appropriate medium or soil as soon as the cuttings are collected from mother trees in the fields.(4) Seeds of wild tea have a rest period.It can be interrupted by a treatment of 700×10 -6 GA 3.(5) Rapid propagation of wild tea can be brought about through the approach of tissue culture.The suitable culture medium for wild tea is formula ted as MS+1 5BA+0 15NAA.The succession of introduction will be useful for future development and protection of wild tea species.

关 键 词：野生茶 普洱茶 秃房茶 厚轴茶 引种试验 滇东南 

分 类 号：S571.102.2[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]