丝孢酵母对苹果采后灰霉病和青霉病抑制效果的影响  

Effects of Trichosporon sp. on Biocontrol Efficacy of Grey and Blue Mold on Postharvest Apple

作　　者：范青[1] 田世平[1] 徐勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2001年第2期163-168,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(39870460);中国科学院主命科学与生物技术创新青年科学家小组资助项目

摘　　要：研究了丝孢酵母（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｓｐｏｒｏｎ ｓｐ）的不同处理和接种时间对“富士”苹果灰霉病和青霉病的抑制效果。结果表明，当接种灰霉菌和青霉菌孢子浓度分别为１×１０５个／ｍｌ和５×１０４个／ｍｌ时，在２５℃下．１×１０８ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ的酵母悬浮液完全抑制这两种病害的发生；在 １℃下冷藏 ３０ｄ后．灰霉病和青霉病的发病率分别为 １３％和 ０。接种酵母菌的滤液对病害没有抑制作用。Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｓｐｏｒｏｎ ｓｐ能在苹果伤口迅速繁殖，以 ２５℃ 下最初的 ４８ｈ内和 １℃下的最初 ５ｄ内增长最快，分别增加了５０和２０倍以上，以后基本维持在此水平。酵母菌和病菌孢子的接种时间与生物防治效果有关，先接种拮抗菌的抑菌效果显著地好于同时或后于病菌接种的效果。Effect of different formulations and inoculation times of Trichosporon sp. on biocontrol efficacy of postharvest apple (cv. Fuji) diseases were evaluated in this paper. At challenge levels of 1 ×10s spores/ml for Botrytis cinerea and 5 × 104 spores/ml for Penicillium expansum, 1 × 108 cells/ml of washed cell suspension of Trichosporon sp. totally inhibited decay on apple fruits at 25℃. The infection rate of B. cinerea and P.expansum were 13% and 0 when fruits treated by washed cell suspensions at 1℃ for 30 days. Culture filtrate of the yeast failed to provide any protection against the two pathogens. Rapid colonization of apples from wounds was observed both at the first 48 h at 25 ℃ and 5 days at 1℃. The population increased more than 50 and 20 folds respectively compared to the start point, then stabilized at the same density thereafter. Efficacy of Trichosporon sp. against B. cinerea and P. expansum was maintained when applied before pathogens, but when applied simultaneously with or after spores, biocontrol efficacy was significantly reduced.

关 键 词：苹果 采后病害 生物防治 灰霉病 青霉病 丝孢酵母 抑菌作用 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]