半导体异质结及其在光电子学中的应用——2000年诺贝尔物理奖评述  

THE 2000 NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS

作　　者：陈良惠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院半导体研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《物理》2001年第4期200-202,229,共4页Physics

摘　　要：瑞典皇家科学院 2 0 0 0年 10月 10日宣布 ,将 2 0 0 0年度诺贝尔物理奖授予三位科学家 ,他们是俄罗斯科学院圣彼得堡约飞技术物理研究所的Zh .I.Alferov、美国加利福尼亚大学的HerbertKroemer和美国德克萨斯仪器公司的JackS .Kilby,以表彰他们为现代信息技术 ,特别是他们发明的高速晶体管、激光二极管和集成电路 (芯片 )所作出的奠基性贡献 .Kilby由于发明并发展了集成电路技术而获奖 ,通过这项发明 ,微电子学成为所有现代技术的基础 .Kilby的获奖成果已有另文 (见 2 0 0 1年第 3期《物理》)评述 .Alferov和Kroemer则是由于他们在半导体异质结及其在电子和光电子学中的应用方面的突出贡献而获奖 .The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 was awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences with one half jointly to Zhores I. Alferov, A.F.Ioffe Physico\|Technical Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia and Herbert Kroemer, University of California at Santa Barbara, California, USA, and the other half to Jack S.Kilby of Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas, USA. The researchers′ work laid the foundation of modern information technology, in particular through their invention of rapid transistors, laser diodes, and integrated circuits. Kilby was awarded for the invention and development of the integrated circuits by which microelectronics has become the basis of modern science and technology, this has been reviewed in another paper. Alferov and Kroemer were awarded for their distinguished work in the field of semiconductor heterostructures and their applications in electronics and optoelectronics. The history, applications and future development of semiconductor heterostructures will be discussed briefly.

关 键 词：异质结 光电子学 半导体 诺贝尔物理奖 半导体激光器 室温连续激射 量子阱激光器 

分 类 号：TN304[电子电信—物理电子学]