测量数据的质量控制理论探讨  

On the Theory about Quality Control Over Surveying Data

作　　者：欧吉坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《测绘工程》2001年第2期6-10,共5页Engineering of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(49874006);国家攀登计划子课题(980119);中科院资源与生态环境研究重点项目(kz952-s1

摘　　要：从可靠性和粗差检测两方面分析了质量控制理论研究的进展；介绍了新的统一的可靠性指标，它完全由系统的结构决定，不包含受主观因素影响的概率因子（非中心参数λ）。详细介绍了拟准检定法的原理和实施办法，特别是初选拟准观测的一些技巧，遇过一个算例比较了拟准检定法与假设检验的三种形式的计算结果，后者存在部分粗差不能发现的问题，而前者能发现全部粗差，效果较好。In this paper. the advance of research on the theory about quality control is analyzed in two sides which consist of reliability and detection of gross errors. A new and united index of reliability is introduced. This index is determined completely by the construction of a system (such as a surveying network), and not be necessary to include the probability element (non-central parameterλ) which is effected on by some factors chosen subjectively. The principle and a practised method of quasi-accurate detection are discussed in detail, and some skills of selecting the quasi-accurate observatins at the first step are proposed.The results of the calculation of the quasi-accurate detection are compared with those of the three models of hypothesis test by an example. It is shown that the hypothesis test may not detect all gross errors but the quasi-accurate detection may do it easily.

关 键 词：质量控制 可靠性 粗差检测 拟准检定法 测量数据 抗差估计 

分 类 号：P207[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]