全球陆地生态系统与大气之间碳交换的模拟研究  

Simulations of Carbon Exchange Between Global Terrestrial Ecosystem and the Atmosphere

作　　者：李银鹏[1] 季劲钧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《地理学报》2001年第4期379-389,共11页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究专项经费资助项目 ( G1 9990 4 34 0 0 );中国科学院大气物理研究所创新基金&&

摘　　要：利用陆面物理过程和植被生理生态过程完全动态耦合的大气植被相互作用模式 (AVIM) ,对全球陆地生态系统的净初级生产力进行模拟。全球陆地生态系统植被分为 1 3类 ,土壤质地分为 7类 ,确定了各种植被和土壤的模式参数。采用全球陆地 0 .5× 0 .5网格点气候平均资料 ;以 30分钟为步长进行积分。并用全球不同地区各种植被类型的 1 9个 NPP观测样点数据校准模型。AVIM模拟全球陆地生态系统 NPP的主要模拟结果如下 :全球陆地生态系统净初级生产力 (NPP)总量约为 60 .72 Gt Cyr- 1。分析了不同植被类型的 NPP分布 ,模式较好地模拟了全球陆地生态系统净初级生产力的纬向分布和区域分布的差异 ,模拟出中国植被生产力的分布特征。陆地生态系统净初级生产力与温度、降水和辐射等气候因素在不同地区有不同程度相关性 ,北方针叶林地区气候因子与 NPP的相关性明显 ,反映出植被对环境因子的不同响应及其物候特征。赤道热带雨林地区NPP与气候因子的相关性不明显。In this paper the NPP of global terrestrial ecosystem is estimated by an Atmosphere Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM). AVIM consists of two intercoupled components: physical processes, involving water and energy transfer among soil, vegetation and the atmosphere at the land surface and eco physiological processes, i.e., photosynthesis, respiration, dry matter allocation, littering and phenology. Globally vegetation is classified into 13 types and soil texture is classified into 6 types, and parameters of eco physiological processes for each vegetation type for AVIM are collected. Daily weather data for 0.5×0.5 grid cells as the forcing of model are generated from monthly climate data. The estimated NPP for different vegetation types at 19 sites are validated with the observed. Three time steps are used for different processes in the model: 30 minutes for physical processes, one hour for physiological processes, and one day for biomass accumulation of tissues. The main results of NPP estimation show that global averaged NPP is 405.13 g C m 2 yr 1 , varying from 99.58 g C m 2 y 1 (tundra) to 996.2 gm 2 yr 1 (rainforest). Global total annual NPP is about 60.72 Gt C yr 1 , in which the maximum part, about 15 84 Gt C yr 1 , or 26.09% of the total, is contributed by tropical rainforest.

关 键 词：大气-植被相互作用 净初级生产力 陆地生态系统 土壤 碳交换 环境因子 模拟 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]