健康水生态系统的退化及其修复——理论、技术及应用  

Degradation of Healthy Aqua-ecosystem and Its Remediation: Theory, Technology and Application

作　　者：濮培民[1] 王国祥[1] 李正魁[1] 胡春华[1] 陈宝君[1] 成小英[1] 李波[1] 张圣照[1] 范云崎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2001年第3期193-203,共11页Journal of Lake Sciences

摘　　要：由于人口增加和工农业生产的发展 ,人类赖以生存的淡水生态系统日益退化 ,特别是富营养化问题 ,已严重威胁社会经济的持续发展和人类健康 .如何在强污染负荷下修复水生态系统具有重大理论和现实意义 .本文总结了自 1990年以来在淡水湖泊中进行的物理生态工程(Physico EcologicalEngineering ,PEEN)实验研究实践 .主要结论为 :(1)地表水环境治理的主要目标是修复为稳定健康的水生态系统 ;(2 )主要方法是与污染源治理相结合实践物理生态工程(PEEN)和生物环保产业 (Bio EnvironmentalEnterprise ,BEE) ;(3)实现目标的主要途径是星火燎原 ,从局部到大范围乃至全流域 ;(4 )实现目标的主要关键是抓住四个环节 (4M ) :高等水生植物(Macrophyte) ,宏观仿生学 (Macro bioimitation) ,微生物 (Microorganism) ,及管理 (Management) ;(5 )山清水秀 ,人杰地灵 ,社会经济生态协调发展的美好未来有可能在不远的将来实现 .Being the basis of human society, freshwater aqua-ecosystem is suffering of gradual degradation in many regions of the world. Most fresh water lakes and river net in plain are shallow waters in China. There are abundant higher aquatic plants and associated fish, shrimp, shellfish, mussel and other macro-hydroorganisms. Possessing prolific biodiversity, these waters were selected as drinking water sources for many cities and towns in the history. But at present, these clear waters in most cases have been degenerating into 'desert-waters' in defect of macrophytes but dominated by phytoplankton and other microorganisms, along with the increase of pollutant loading. The loading of pollutions into surface water systems was increased gradually in comparison with that before a couple of decades ago. How to restore the degenerated aquaecosystem for a sustainable and healthy aquaecosystem under enhanced pollutants loading is the issue of great theoretical and practical importance. The water quality problem is a problem of ecosystem. The target, measures, approaches, key technologies and the feasibility for remediation of the aquaecosystem were reported in this paper according to the research and experiment results on Physico-Ecological Engineering(PEEN) in fresh waters of China since 1990 . The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The main aim for harnessing the surface waters is remediation for sustainable healthy aquaecosystems. 2) The main measures for harnessing the surface waters are to carry out the Physico-Ecological Engineering-(PEEN) and Bio-Envioronmental Enterprise-(BEE) in combine with harnessing the pollution sources. 3) The main approach for realizing the aim is 'sparks exploding' starting from local to larger areas and to the whole catchment. 4) The key momentums for realizing the aim are 4M: Macrophyte, Macro bio-imitation, Microorganism, and Management. 5) The beautiful and bright future with green mountains, clean waters, high level waters, high level civilization and abundant resources in harmon

关 键 词：健康水生态系统 生态系统修复技术 湖泊富营养化控制 物理生态工程 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]