河南偃师灰嘴遗址新石器时代和二里头文化时期工具残留物及微痕分析  

The Residue and Use-Wear Analyses of Stone Tools of the Neolithic Age and the Erlitou Period Unearthed at Huizui,Henan

作　　者：刘莉[1,2] Maureece J.Levin 陈星灿[3] 李永强[3] 

机构地区：[1]美国斯坦福大学东亚语言与文化系 [2]美国斯坦福大学考古中心 [3]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《中原文物》2018年第6期82-97,共16页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：河南偃师灰嘴遗址包含有仰韶中晚期、龙山中晚期、二里头时期及东周时期遗存。该遗址在龙山和二里头时期发展成为石器制造中心,在伊洛地区史前时期社会复杂化发展进程中扮演了重要角色。为了进一步了解各个时期的生计结构,我们对灰嘴出土的28件切割工具(刀、镰和矛)进行了微痕、淀粉粒和植硅体的综合分析。分析结果说明,刀和镰主要是用来收割栽培谷物,包括粟黍、薏苡、小麦族和稻谷,但也收获或加工其他植物,如大豆和多种块根类植物,如山药、百合科、栝楼根等。结合浮选结果进行综合性分析,可知先民在灰嘴居住的两千多年历史中的生计形态变化表现为:仰韶时期是以粟黍-薏苡为主,到龙山、二里头时期逐渐转变为以粟黍-薏苡-麦类-大豆为主,同时始终以稻米和多种块根植物为辅。Huizui,located in Yanshi county,Henan Province,was occupied for a very long period of time,including the middle and late Yangshao,middle and late Longshan,Erlitou,and Eastern Zhou.The site became a center of stone tool production in late Longshan and Erlitou times,and played an important role in the development of social complexity in the Yiluo region.In order to understand the changing subsistence systems at the site,we conducted use-wear,starch and phytolith analyses on 28cutting tools, including sickles,knives,and spearheads.The results indicate that knives and sickles were used to harvest cereals,including millets,Job's tears,Triticeae,and rice,as well as to cut or process beans and tubers,such as yam,lily,and snake gourd roots.Combining the data from macro-and micro-plant remains,Huizui populations appear to have relied on mainly millets and Job's tears during the Yangshao period,but then changed to millets,Job's tears,wheat,and soybeans by the Erlitou period;in addition, rice and various tubers were consumed throughout the entire occupation period at the site.

关 键 词：植物收割 粟黍 薏苡 水稻 块根植物 植硅体 淀粉粒 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]