“主体性”的三次转向——从黑格尔、费尔巴哈到马克思  

Three Shifts of “Subjectivity”——From Hegel,Feuerbach to Marx

作　　者：杨乔乔[1] 张连良[1] YANG Qiao-qiao;ZHANG Lian-liang

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院

出　　处：《求是学刊》2018年第6期14-21,共8页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"<资本论>及其当代价值研究"(16CKS001)

摘　　要：理解马克思的"主体性"对于把握马克思的现代性批判思想有着重要意义。马克思主体性思想的生成受到黑格尔的理性主体与费尔巴哈的感性实践主体的双重影响。黑格尔主体性思想的理论依据是理性形而上学:主体的根基是绝对。费尔巴哈批判黑格尔主体的抽象性,把主体的基础立足为现实的、感性的实践。马克思批判费氏实践只是一种无对象的感性直观,并且综合二者的优缺点,提出主体是现实的具体的主体,是理性与实践的统一。然而,现实社会中的主体却受到理性形而上学与资本的控制而丧失了现实的具体性,这是马克思进行现代性批判的根本任务和旨趣。Understanding Marx's "subjectivity"is of great significance for grasping Marx's critical thought of modernity.The formation of Marx's subjective thought is influenced by both Hegel's rational subject and Feuerbach's perceptual practical subject.The theoretical basis of Hegel's subjectivity Thought is rational Metaphysics,which means that the foundation of the subject is absolute.Feuerbach criticizes the abstraction of Hegel's subject and puts the foundation of the subject based on the realistic and perceptual practice.Marx criticizes that Feuerbach's practice is only a kind of non-object perceptual intuition.Marx integrates the advantages and disadvantages of the two,and puts forward that the subject is realistic and 'specific,the unity of reason and practice.However,the subject in the real world is controlled by rational metaphysics and capital so that it loses the specificity of reality,which is the fundamental task and purport of Marx's criticism of modernity.

关 键 词：理性形而上学 实践 黑格尔 费尔巴哈 马克思 

分 类 号：B516.3[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B0-0