怎样利用语言知识资源进行语义理解和常识推理  

On Semantic Knowledge Resources for Language Understanding and Reasoning

作　　者：袁毓林[1] 卢达威 YUAN Yulin;LU Dawei(Research Center of Chinese Linguistics /MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics, Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系中国语言学研究中心计算语言学教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中文信息学报》2018年第12期11-23,共13页Journal of Chinese Information Processing

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目(18JJD740003);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(16YJC740050);国家语委重点项目(ZDI135-76)

摘　　要：该文讨论怎样利用语言知识资源来帮助机器进行语义理解和常识推理。首先,指出人类生活在常识和意义世界中,人工智能机器人必须理解自然语言的意义,能够在此基础上进行常识推理。接着,简单梳理了基于知识和基于统计两种自然语言处理路线各自的优长和短缺。然后,说明完全绕开知识的统计方法和深度学习,都不能真正理解概念和语言。该文通过具体案例说明,《实词信息词典》已经配备了有关词项的语义角色关系及其句法配置信息;把这种语言知识加入知识图谱和内容计算中,可以为人工智能提供理解和解释从而造就一种可解释的人工智能。由于"物性角色"描述了名词所指事物的百科知识,可用以回答相关事物是什么(形式角色)、有哪些部件(构成角色)、用什么做的(材料)、怎么形成的(施成)、有什么用途(功用)等常识性问题。This paper discusses how to use semantic resources to assist computer in semantic understanding and commonsense reasoning.Firstly,we point out that human beings live in a world with common sense and meaning,and that artificial intelligence robots are required to understand the meaning of natural language to make commonsense reasoning.Then,we briefly summarize the advantages and disadvantages of two approaches of natural language processing based on knowledge and statistics.Then,we explain that neither concepts nor language can be truly understood with statistical methods and Deep Learning can hardly account for any knowledge.The paper shows with specific cases that Information Dictionary of Notional Word has been equipped with semantic role information and syntactic configuration of the words,which can be employed in the knowledge graph and the content computing and served for the improvement of the artificial intelligence.As the "Qualia Role"describes the encyclopedic knowledge of nouns,it can be used to answer commonsease questions such as what it is (formal role),what it consists of (constitute role),what it is made of (material role),how it is created (agentive role),and what it is used for (telic role).

关 键 词：语言知识资源 语义理解 常识推理 基于知识/统计 语义角色 物性角色 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]