专业学位研究生心理健康特点调查研究  

A study on the characteristics of mental health of postgraduates of professional degree

作　　者：汪涓 吴宜红 张晶轩 赵梦雪 王瑜 贺英[4] 王菲菲 杨国愉 Wang Juan;Wu Yihong;Zhang Jingxuan;Zhao Mengxue;Wang Yu;He Ying;Wang Feifei;Yang Guoyu(Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology of Armyman,School of Psychology,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China;Department of Orthopaedics,the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University,Chongqing 400037,China;Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China;Mental Health Center,the 324th Hospital of PLA, Chongqing 404000,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学心理学院军人发展与教育心理学教研室,重庆400038 [2]陆军军医大学第二附属医院骨科,重庆400037 [3]陆军军医大学第一附属医院神经内科,重庆400038 [4]中国人民解放军第324医院精神卫生中心,重庆404000

出　　处：《中华医学教育探索杂志》2019年第1期32-38,共7页Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research

基　　金：全军医药卫生“十二五”重大项目(AWS13J003);重庆市研究生教育教学改革研究项目(yjg133087,yjg153027);第三军医大学人文社科基金资助课题(2016XRW04);重庆市高等教育教学改革研究项目(163192).

摘　　要：目探讨专业学位研究生心理健康状况及特点。方法2016年1月整群抽取重庆地区三所高校专业学位研究生326人为研究对象,采用症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)对专业学位研究生进行心理健康状况测评。发放调查问卷326份,回收326份,剔除填写不全、漏答、前后答案矛盾等无效问卷11份,有效问卷315份,回收有效率96.6%。采用SPSS19.0对问卷数据进行卡方检验、独立样本t检验、方差分析,两两比较用LSD/T2法。结果①专业学位研究生心理症状筛查阳性率为11.11%,心理问题检出率从高到低依次为:强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、躯体化、偏执、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性。②除恐怖因子外,不同年龄段研究生SCL-90各因子得分和总均分差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,"≥30岁"组研究生SCL-90中躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性因子得分和总均分高于"≤24岁"组和"25~29岁"组(P<0.05),"≥30岁"组抑郁因子得分高于"≤24岁"组(P<0.01)。③博士研究生SCL-90躯体化(P=0.038)和强迫因子得分(P=0.043)高于硕士。④不同年级研究生SCL-90强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执因子得分和总均分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中,三年级组各因子得分和总均分高于一年级组,三年级组敌对、偏执因子得分和总均分高于二年级组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。⑤除恐怖因子外,"和睦安宁"组研究生SCL-90各因子得分和总均分低于"争吵"组(P<0.05)。⑥除躯体化和偏执因子外,"导师关心"组研究生SCL-90各因子得分和总均分低于"导师不关心"组(P<0.05)。结论专业学位研究生心理健康因年龄、学历层次和年级不同而存在差异,且受集体氛围和导师态度影响。相关心理健康教育应充分考虑人群特点差异,细化教育目标、内容和形式,以提升专业学位研究生心理健康水平。Objective To explore the mental health status and characteristics of professional degree postgraduates. Methods 326 professional degree postgraduates from 3 universities were selected as subjects by cluster sampling. Symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) was applied to assess psychological health of the postgraduates in order. Results 1) The positive rate of psychological symptom screening was 11.11%. The detection rate of psychological problems from high to low was: obsessive-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, somatization, paranoid ideation, anxiety, phobic anxiety and psychoticism. 2) Excluding the factors of phobic anxiety, there was significant age difference in each factor score and total score of SCL-90 (P<0.05). The somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, psychoticism factor scores and total score of the "≥30 years" group was significantly higher than those of "≤24 years" and the "25-29 years" group (P<0.05), the depression factor scores of "≥30 years" was significantly higher than the "≤24 years" group (P<0.01). 3) The scores of somatizations (P=0.038) and obsessive-compulsive factors (P=0.043) of doctoral students were significantly higher than those of master students. 4) In different grades, there were significant differences in the scores of obsessive-compulsives, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation factor scores and SCL-90 total score (P<0.05). The factor scores and total score of the Grade Three were significantly higher than those of the first grade (P<0.05), and the scores of hostilities, paranoid ideation factors and total score were significantly higher than those of the second grade (P<0.05). 5) Excluding phobic anxiety, the factor scores and total score of SCL-90 in the "peace and tranquility" group were significantly lower than those of "quarrel" group (P<0.05). 6) Except for somatization and paranoia ideation, the factor scores and total score of SCL-90 of caring group were significantly lower than those non-ca

关 键 词：专业学位研究生 心理健康 心理问题 症状自评量表 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]