适时提出主义——以“新的证据”与证据失权的关系为中心  

Providing Evidence in a Timely Manner——Focusing on the Relationship between “the New Evidence” and Loss of Right to Submit Evidence

作　　者：吴俊 WU Jun

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院 [2]江苏高校区域法治发展协同创新中心

出　　处：《北方法学》2019年第1期113-129,共17页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"松散结合型法院治理模式研究"(18CFX029);江苏省社会科学基金青年项目"法院治理结构与组织架构研究"(15FXC004);2017年苏州大学高等教育教学改革研究课题一般项目"审判中心主义模式下诉讼法教学改革"的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：原旨主义上的"新的证据"全面赋予迟延提交法院的证据方法以可采性,这是受职权主义的诉讼模式以及追求客观真实的诉讼目的支配的结果。2002年的举证时限和证据失权制度改革,重塑了新旧证据的区分标准并缩小了"新的证据"的范围。在证据失权制度下,"新的证据"就是法定的具有可采性的逾期证据,"新的证据"与丧失证据调查资格的逾期证据之间存在出此入彼的紧张关系。2008年的司法改革通过举证时限的扩容以及"新的证据"范围的扩张,缓和了证据失权的严厉性。2012年《民事诉讼法》第65条第2款关于举证时限的规定,是证据失权与"新的证据"之间冲突与调和的结果,在民事诉讼法理上可以概括为"适时提出主义"。在此基础上,2015年《民事诉讼法解释》通过衡量证据价值来判断逾期的证据方法是否具有可采性,同时对逾期举证当事人惩以诉讼强制措施来正当化逾期证据的可采性。从待证事实区分以及体系解释的角度,因故意或者重大过失而逾期提交的证明辅助事实的证据,以及严重违反诚实信用原则和当事人平等原则的逾期证据,仍应失权。"新的证据"在新的失权规则体系下将发挥新的规范作用。The original meaning of "the New Evidence"fully endows delayed evidence means with admissibility,which is dominated by the inquisitorial system and the procedural pursuit of objective truth. The judicial reform in respect to period for the submission of evidence and loss of right to submit delayed evidence in 2002,reshape the distinction standard between the old and the new evidence,and narrow the scope of"the New Evidence"on a big scale. Under the system of disqualification of overdue evidence,"the New Evidence"is the legal provided admissible overdue evidence,and there exists a tense relationship between "the New Evidence"and the overdue evidence without admissibility. The extension of period for the submission of evidence and expansion of"the New Evidence"in 2008,mitigate the severity of the system of loss of right to submit overdue evidence. The provision on period for the submission of evidence in Clause 2Article 65 of Civil Procedure Law 2012 is the result of collision and reconciliation between the system of loss of right to submit overdue evidence and"the New Evidence",which could be summarized in civil procedural theory as submitting evidence in a timely manner. Base on that,the Judicial Interpretation on Civil Procedure Law 2015 determines whether a delayed evidence is of admissibility by evaluating its proof value,and justifies the admissibility of delayed evidence by exerting compulsory measures on certain party who exceeds the time limit for providing evidence. From the perspective of distinction of factum probandum and systematical interpretation,overdue evidence to prove auxiliary facts provided by the parties due to willful misconduct or gross negligence,and overdue evidences seriously violating the principle of good faith and the principle of equality,shall not be accepted;"the New Evidence"under the new rules of the loss of right to submit overdue evidence will exert new regulating influence.

关 键 词：新的证据 举证时限 证据失权 适时提出主义 

分 类 号：DF713[政治法律—诉讼法学]