公共自行车租赁点选址优化方法研究  

Research on the Method of Public Bicycle Station Location Problem

作　　者：姚学儒 杨爽 菅美英[3,4] 曹瑾鑫 YAO Xue-ru;YANG Shuang;JIAN Mei-ying;CAO Jin-xin(School of Mathematical Sciences,Inner Mongolia,University ,Hohhoi 010021,China;School of Traffic and Transportation ,Beijing Jiaotong University ,Beijing 100044,China;institute of Traffic Engineering,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,China;Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Urban Transportation Data Science and Application,Hohhot 610070,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学数学科学学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044 [3]内蒙古大学交通学院,呼和浩特010070 [4]内蒙古城市交通数据科学与应用工程技术研究中心,呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《内蒙古大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第1期89-95,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71262008);内蒙古自然科学基金(2016MS0501);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才计划项目(NJYT-13-B02)

摘　　要：租赁点选址和车辆调度是公共自行车系统两个重要决策问题.本文考虑租借行为、调度活动及用户需求在各个时间段内的相互联系,将运营时间划分为多个时间段,以最小化未满足需求为目标函数,构建了整数线性规划模型,从而确定公共自行车系统租赁点位置、桩位配备数量及每个时间段初始时刻租赁点的自行车库存量.模型的复杂性导致精确求解大规模实例时间成本较高,为此设计了遗传算法和拉格朗日启发式算法以提高求解效率.通过算例分析,验证了模型及算法的有效性及可行性.计算结果表明:成本提高能引起用户满意率的增加且边际满意率在递减;当参数改变时,计算性能明显受到影响.The public bicycle station location and repositioning are two important decision-making problems in bike-sharing systems.With the consideration of the interrelationship of the rental activities,repositioning and demands,the planning horizon is partitioned into discrete time periods and the objective is to minimize the unsatisfied demand.To determine the optimal locations of candidate stations and the inventory level of each station,this problem is formulated as a linear integer programming model.Due to the intractability of the proposed problem and high time cost of accurately solving large-scale instances,agenetic algorithm and a Lagrangean heuristic algorithm are developed.Computed experiments show that the proposed approach is effective and efficient.Analized results indicate that more costs can improve the satisfaction rate and the marginal satisfaction rate is diminishing;the computational performance is affected by the change of parameters.

关 键 词：城市交通 租赁点选址优化 整数线性规划 公共自行车系统 拉格朗日启发式算法 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程]