为什么道德教育要照料灵魂?——《斐多》的教育释义  

Immortality of the Soul in Plato's Phaedo: Implications for Moral Education

作　　者：曹永国[1] Cao Yongguo

机构地区：[1]苏州大学教育学院

出　　处：《现代大学教育》2019年第1期29-38,111,共11页Modern University Education

摘　　要：《斐多》讲述了灵魂的奇幻之旅,涉及灵魂不朽及其对美好理想的追求、灵魂的审判与洁净。灵魂之旅证实了一种超验性生活与永恒真理的存在,促使个人抱有希望地思考如何更好地生活。灵魂不朽的妙义在于,思考与关注独立存在的灵魂与指向未来的生活,认识对灵魂审判的怕惧与照看灵魂的急迫性,从而产生一种行动和个人品性的更新。关于灵魂的思考催促对道德生活的终极理据的探寻,德性在于追寻真理的迷人理想,以一种更为谦卑的品性为更荣耀之生活做准备。对于道德教育而言,培养道德理性、关注道德教育的终极关怀和提升个人想象力具有重要的价值。Plato's Phaedo is an account of the soul's journey in the afterlife.It discusses the immortality and purity of the soul and takes it as a justification for our pursuit of the eternal truth (or highest ideals)and a transcendental life.According to Plato,we have an immortal soul that existed before we were born and will continue to exist after we die.As the soul exists-and will be judged in the afterlife-independently of the body,we need to cultivate our spiritual lives and strive for continuous self-improvement so as to attain blessedness after death.In fact,the soul's immortality serves as our ultimate motivation for living a moral life.We have to practice virtue and stay humble in our pursuit of blessedness and holiness.When it comes to moral education,it is also necessary to promote moral reasoning and develop moral imagination among students.

关 键 词：《斐多》 灵魂 终极关怀 道德教育 返魅 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]