医师与教师职业紧张水平及工作能力的比较  

Compare the Occupational Stress and Work Ability between Doctors and Teachers

作　　者：曾繁华[1] 王治明[1] 王绵珍[1] 兰亚佳[1] 李健[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院劳动卫生职业病研究所,四川成都610041 [2]川北医学院卫生学教研室,四川南充630037

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2002年第2期70-73,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 39970 6 2 3)

摘　　要：目的　比较医师与教师的职业紧张水平与工作能力。方法　应用职业紧张 (修订版 ) (OSI R)和工作能力指数 (WAI)两份量表 ,对某市医师 2 89例 ,中小学教师 355例 ,共 644例 ,进行对比研究。结果医师的职业任务和紧张反应均显著高于教师 (P <0 0 1 )。医师组与教师组应对资源总分及WAI得分差异无显著性。职业任务 1项中 ,医师组在任务不适、任务冲突和责任感 3个子项得分较高 ,而教师组在任务过重和工作环境 2个子项得分较高。紧张反应显示 ,医师在业务、心理、人际关系紧张反应 3个子项得分均显著高于教师。应对资源中 ,医师的自我保健及社会支持 2个子项较教师强 ,而理性处事 1项较教师弱。职业任务与紧张反应呈正相关 ,二者均与应对资源呈负相关 (P <0 0 1 )。工作能力与紧张水平、紧张反应及应对资源的相关性在教师组表现较明显 (P <0 0 1 ) ,而医师组却尚未显示出显著意义 (P >0 0 5)。结论　医师职业任务和紧张反应高于教师 ,两组紧张因素各异。随着紧张程度增高 ,教师工作能力显著降低。应针对不同的紧张源 ,从不同角度着手缓解医师和教师的职业紧张 。Objective To compare the occupational stress and work ability between doctors and teachers.Methods Occupational Stress Inventory(Revised Edition)(OSI R)and Work Ability Index(WAI)were used to test the sampled 289 doctors from various class hospitals and 355 teachers from primary and secondary schools.Results The difference in occupational stress and strain was statistically significant(P<0 01)between two groups,and the scores of the doctors were higher.There was no statistical difference in personal resources and WAI scores between two groups.Among 6 items of occupational role questionnaire,the scores of role insufficiency,role boundary and responsibility were obviously higher in doctors group,while the scores of role overload and physical environment were higher in teacher group.The scores of all items of occupational strain except physical strain in doctors group,i e vocational strain,personal psychological strain and interpersonal strain,were significantly higher than those of teachers.As to the personal resources,the results indicated that self care and social support of doctors were superior to those of teachers,however,the result of cognitive coping turned out to opposite direction.Occupational role and personal strain were mutually and positively correlated,both of which correlated negatively to the personal resources(P<0 01).The correlations of work ability and occupational stress and strain and personal resources are significant in teachers group(P<0 01),yet it was not in doctors group(P>0 05).Conclusions For doctors and teachers,different measures should be taken to reduce the occupational stress so as to improve the work ability.

关 键 词：医师 教师 职业紧张水平 工作能力 比较 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生]