马克思主义哲学物质观与现代自然科学  

Marxist Philosophical Conception of Matter and Modern Natural Science

作　　者：闫孟伟[1] 杨谦[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学系,天津300071 [2]南开大学马克思主义教育学院,天津300071

出　　处：《教学与研究》2001年第9期9-16,共8页Teaching and Research

摘　　要：现代物理学的发展成果涉及了哲学物质观的若干问题。在物质的客观性和可知性问题上 ,人们在实践中所能认识的是实践场域内客体间相互作用 ,离开了实践场域 ,谈论客观事物的自在性质是否可知是没有意义的。在物质世界的无限性和有限性问题上 ,哲学宇宙观不同于自然科学宇宙论。在决定论和非决定论问题上 ,量子力学的统计特征并不表明世界在本性上是统计性的或非决定论的 ,而只表明客体间相互作用是必然和偶然的统一。在进化和退化问题上 ,从宇宙无限性角度来看 ,不能把进化或发展看成是物质世界的一般本性 ;从整体上说 ,物质世界只能是进化和退化的辩证统一。Achievements of modern physics involves several issues concerning philosophical conception of matter. First, what man can understand in relation to objectivity and knowability of matter is interaction of objects within the practice\|field. Out of the practice\|field it does not make sense to talk about whether the nature of objects is knowable. Second, with regard to unlimitedness and limitedness of the material world, the philosophical outlook of the universe differs from that of the natural science. In terms of the determinism and non determinism, statistic character of quantum mechanics does not indicate that the world is fundamentally statistical or of non determinism, but rather, it simply indicates that the interaction among objects is unity of the inevitable and the accidental. As for the question of evolution and degeneration from the perspective of the unlimitedness of the universe, neither evolution nor development should be viewed as the sole nature of the material world. The material world, on the whole, can only be seen as unity of evolution and degeneration.

关 键 词：马克思主义哲学 自然科学 物质观 决定论 发展观 

分 类 号：B021[哲学宗教—哲学理论]