知识对成人归纳推理标签效应的影响  

Influence of Knowledge on Label Effect during Adults' Inductive Reasoning

作　　者：王旭艳[1,2] 于伟艳[1,2] 梁佩鹏[2,3] 龙周军[1,2] 郭晓龙[1,2] 钟宁[1,2,4] 秦裕林[1,2,5] 周海燕[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学国际WIC研究院,北京100124 [2]磁共振成像脑信息学北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [3]首都医科大学宣武医院放射科,北京100053 [4]日本前桥工业大学信息工程系 [5]美国卡内基梅隆大学心理系,匹兹堡pa15213

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第4期845-850,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB744605;2014CB744603);国家国际科技合作专项项目(2013DFA32180);国家自然科学基金资助项目(61272345;61105118);北京市博士后工作经费资助项目(Q6002020201201);北京市科技新星资助项目(Z12111000250000;Z13111000040000);北京市教育委员会和磁共振成像脑信息学北京市重点实验室的资助

摘　　要：通过对标签所承载的表层类属知识和深层概念知识进行区分,考察了知识对成人归纳推理中标签效应的影响。实验材料为自然标签和人工标签,任务为亲缘关系判断,结果发现在两种材料中都能观察到标签效应。在自然类别中,当标签承载深层知识时,标签承载的表层类属知识的作用会受其影响而减小;在人工类别中,标签作用的发挥会受到标签自身特征的影响,当标签中含有类别信息的汉字时,标签对归纳推理的促进作用更大。The label effect observed in inductive reasoning suggests that label, by providing an effective cue, such as category knowl-edge or feature similarity, promotes the performance of inductive reasoning. Consequently, there are two kinds of hypotheses to explainthe phenomenon, one is the view of category which emphasizes the category information provided by a label, and the other one is theview of similarity which focuses on the physical similarity of labels. Previous studies with unfamiliar artificial materials usually focusedon the surface knowledge about category carried by a label. However in reality, a real label, say ＂tiger＂ or ＂ lion＂, usually containsdeep knowledge, such as the information about body, size, behavior, living environment and others, especially in Chinese. But thiskind of information carried by a label is seldom distinguished from surface knowledge, and how the surface and deep knowledge carriedby a label affect the process of inductive reasoning is still not clear. In this study, two experiments were conducted to explore the influ-ence of knowledge on label effect during adults＇ inductive reasoning. To avoid the influences of other factors, such as visual picture orverbal introduction, and to investigate the label effect in a more precise and sensible way, a relationship judgment with a 5 -point ratingwas used as the inductive reasoning task. In Experiment 1, natural animal names were used as materials. To compare the influence of surface and deep knowledge carried bylabels, 24 animal names were selected, which were divided into familiar and unfamiliar groups with equal number of items, according toa prior familiarity assessment. For the familiar materials, a label of animal name would carry both surface and deep knowledge; whilefor the unfamiliar materials, only surface knowledge was carried by a label. In Experiment 2, artificial animal names were used as mate-rials to further investigate the influence of surface and deep knowledge on the label effect, and the labels were manipulat

关 键 词：归纳推理 标签效应 表层知识 深层知识 

分 类 号：B812[哲学宗教—逻辑学]