科举考试中舞弊与防弊的现代教育考试管理启思  

Cheating in the Imperial Examination System and Cheating- proof Measures in the Modern Education Examinations System

作　　者：高升[1] 

机构地区：[1]教育部考试中心命题二处

出　　处：《考试研究》2014年第4期61-68,共8页Examinations Research

摘　　要：在历时1300年的科举考试当中,始终存在舞弊与防弊的尖锐斗争。科举考试中的舞弊行为可以分为考前舞弊、考试当中的现场舞弊和考后阅卷录取舞弊三大类。少数违规者的舞弊行径,不仅累及绝大多数清白士子,甚至在一定程度上挟持了整个科举考试的管理理念、管理制度和管理措施。今天,考试中的舞弊行为有愈演愈烈之势,舞弊行为也表现出一些新的动向和特点,如高科技化、团伙化、职业化、内外勾结等。治理考试舞弊,需要多管齐下,使考生不想舞弊、不敢舞弊、不能舞弊、不需舞弊。在防范和打击舞弊的同时,还需科学处理严格管理与以人为本的关系、防范舞弊与代价适度的关系、考试内容与管理手段的关系。The intense campaign between cheating and anti- cheating long existed over the 1300 years’ history of the imperial examinations. Cheating in the imperial examination system can be categorized into three major types：pre- test cheating,cheating during the test,and marking cheating. Although only a minority of test- takers conducted cheating,their acts not only implicated those decent scholars,but also hijacked the overall examination management theory,system and measurements. At present,cheating in examinations is becoming fiercer,and new trends and characteristics are even developed,such as high- tech oriented,gang- organized,professionalized,and collaboration of the inside and the outside. Preventing the acting of cheating need multi- measures,to the effect that test takers do not want to cheat,dare not cheat,cannot cheat,and do not need cheating. In the meanwhile,we need to balance the relation between strict administration and people- oriented management,between cheating prevention and appropriate cost,between test content and management methods.

关 键 词：科举 考试 舞弊 防弊 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]