劳动力市场分割、保留工资与“知识失业”  

Labor Market Segregation,Reservation Wage and “Educated Unemployment”

作　　者：杨金阳[1] 周应恒[1] 严斌剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《人口学刊》2014年第5期25-36,共12页Population Journal

摘　　要：本文基于我国劳动力市场分割的现实,在工作搜寻理论指导下,通过构建考虑劳动力市场分割的大学生个体择业行为模型揭示"知识失业"的原意。研究表明:第一,高校扩招只是导致"知识失业"的诱因,劳动力市场的分割导致了大学生整体的保留工资对其劳动力市场供给数量的变化不敏感,使得市场无法出清,才是出现"知识失业"的真正原因;第二,从分割的劳动力市场来看,公共部门和垄断行业的工作因为得到社会主流的认可,其待遇变化对大学生的保留工资会有较大影响,当其与竞争部门的工资差距不断拉大时,"知识失业"情况将会出现恶化;第三,"知识失业"降低了大学生深造的机会成本,劳动市场分割则提高了大学生深造的收益预期,进而造成局部和短期的所谓过度教育。We built a job-hunting model of college individuals under labor market segregation and used search theory to explain why there was ＂educated unemployment＂ in China. Conclusions show that： first, college expansion is just an incentive of ＂educated unemployment＂, however, the segregation of labor market and the reservation wage which is insensitive to the number of college graduates, making the market not clearing, are the root causes; second, when looking into segregated markets, jobs in public sector and monopoly industries are recognized by the mainstream of society and their treatments have a strong influence on college students＇ reservation wage. As the wage gap between monopoly industries and competitivesector widens, the unemployment rate of college graduates will rise. Third, the emergence of ＂educated unemploy- ment＂ reducesthe opportunity cost to invest in human capital and increases the expected revenue,which encourages college graduates to further their study and causes short-run over-education in limited regions.

关 键 词：知识失业 劳动力市场分割 保留工资 过度教育 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济]