“强纲领”:科学知识社会学的哲学立场  

“Strong Programme” :The Philosophical Standpoint of the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge

作　　者：刘文旋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2014年第8期92-98,129,共7页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"科学知识社会学及其近期发展"(编号08BZX077)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：在许多人看来，“强纲领”（Strong Programme）其实就是“科学知识社会学”（Sociology of Scientific Knowledge，简称SSK）的另一种说法。在20世纪70年代早期的英国爱丁堡，“强纲领”从几位年轻人①的手里酝酿成熟，它以一种前所未见的强悍方式肯定了科学知识（乃至数学）的社会关联，因此甫一出现便被视为一种令人震惊的“异端邪说”。尽管此前库恩、拉卡托斯和费耶阿本德等人已经在科学哲学中以非正统的方式援引社会因素，表达了一些令人不安的观点，It is reasonable to say that the sociology of scientific knowledge is philosophically related. The very content and nature of scientific knowledge can be investigated and explained by sociology is itself a philosophical agenda. That forms a ' strong Programme' which treats all kinds of knowledge with sociological manner. The main points are :first,all beliefs, included scientific knowledge,can be explained by sociology of knowledge; second,the methods of explain are just the sort which be used by science itself; third,it means a symmetry thesis, which acquires the same types of cause to explain true or rational, false or irrational beliefs. It leads to a special form of relativism being free of self-refutation.

关 键 词：科学知识社会学 强纲领 哲学立场 20世纪70年代 费耶阿本德 社会关联 异端邪说 社会因素 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学]