心理学质化研究与量化研究的对立与融合:兼论心理学研究人文精神的回归  

Opposite and Integration of Quantitative Research and Qualitative Research in Psychology——the Return of Humanistic Spirit

作　　者：姜永志[1] 白晓丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学教育科学学院/民族教育研究所,通辽028043

出　　处：《心理研究》2014年第4期9-15,共7页Psychological Research

摘　　要：心理学在发展过程中,形成了自然科学的量化研究传统与人文科学的质化研究传统,这两种研究传统从心理学诞生开始就存在着激烈的论战与对抗。自然科学的量化研究将人看作物理客体实在,过度强调心理学的科学精神而忽略了其人文精神。人文科学的质化研究则将人看作是社会、历史和文化中的主体,重视直接经验和现象描述,强调理解、体悟和现象的意义构建,体现了当代心理学人文精神的回归。尽管质化研究与量化研究各自持有独立的主张,但现代心理学越来越重视二者融合对心理学的影响。文章从心理学质化研究与量化研究方法论困境出发,在方法论与实践两个层次分析了两种研究传统整合趋势,并认为这种对立与融合为中国心理学发展提供了借鉴和启示。With the development of psychology, it formed the quantitative research tradition of natural science and qualitative research tradition of the humanities, these two research tradition always mired in controversy from the birth of psychology. The quantitative research of natural science believed that the person could be considered as a physical entity, excessive emphasised on scientific spirit and ignored the humanistic spirit. The qualitative research of the humanities believed that the person could be considered as a main body in society, history and culture, emphasised on direct experience and the phenomenon descrip tion, they attached importance to the understanding, awareness, and meaning construction of phenomenon, embodies the return of the humanistic spirit in the modem psychology. Although qualitative research and quantitative research each own independent claim, but modern psychology was more and more attention to the integration of psychology. This paper analyzed the integration trend based on two levels of methodology and practice from the methodological dilemma of qualitative research and quantitative research, and pointed that the opposition and integration provided reference and enlightenment for the development of Chinese psychology.

关 键 词：质化研究 量化研究 方法论 人文精神 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]