新疆沙湾县哈萨克族居民营养健康状况调查  

Nutrition and health status among Kazakh residents of Shawan county in Xinjiang

作　　者：顾秀瑛[1] 丁玉松[1] 冯刚玲[1] 郭淑霞[1] 木拉提[1] 张景玉[1] 何佳[1] 贾惠莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学医学院预防医学系,新疆石河子832002

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2014年第9期1117-1119,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：兵团医药卫生专项(2011BA037);国新科技支撑项目(2009BAI82B04)

摘　　要：目的了解新疆哈萨克族居民膳食营养与健康状况,为制定营养改善策略提供科学依据。方法采用3 d 24 h膳食回顾法和称重法,对新疆沙湾地区牛圈子牧场1 628名≥18岁常住哈萨克族居民进行膳食调查和医学体检。结果哈萨克族居民膳食构成以粮谷类为主,食盐摄入过多,蔬菜水果摄入不足,豆类、蛋类和鱼虾类等食物基本不吃;能量的日均摄入量为11 762.5 kJ,蛋白质为103.8 g,占供能的14.2%;脂肪为50.3 g,占供能的16.2%;碳水化合物为485.0 g,占供能的69%;膳食纤维和微量营养素低于参考摄入量;动物性食物提供的蛋白质占33.5%,提供的脂肪占54.2%;高血压患病率为39.7%,超重为26.2%,肥胖为27.7%。结论膳食结构不合理、能量过剩、微量元素不足、高血压、超重和肥胖已成为影响哈萨克族居民健康的重要因素,应加强对居民的营养干预和健康教育,预防相关疾病的发生。Objective To investigate dietary and nutritional status of Kazakh residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autono- mous Region（ Xinjiang）, and to find out influencing factors of nutrition and health status for improving nutritional status in Kazakh residents. Methods A three-day survey including 24-hour food intake recall and weighting method and physi- cal examination were conducted among 1 628 permanent Kazakh inhabitants over 18 years old residing in a rangeland in Shawan county of Xinjiang. Results The residents had a cereals-based diet composition, with excessive intake of salt, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and rare intake of beans, eggs and fish. The energy intake per day among the residents was 11 762. 5 kJ. The intakes of protein,fat,and carbohydrate per day were 103.8 g,50. 3 g,and 485.0 g,accounting for 14. 2 %, 16. 2 %, and 69 % of total energy per day, respectively. For the residents, the intake of dietary fiber and micronu- trients were less than 90% of the recommended amount, with the intake of animal protein accounting for 33.5% of whole protein and the intake of animal fat for 54. 2% of total fat, respectively. The incidence rate of hypertension, over-weight, and obesity were 39. 7 %, 26. 2%, and 27.7%, respectively. Conclusion The Kazakh residents have an unreasonable diet pattern and excessive energy intake and deficient intakes of some micronutrients are important risk factors for hyper- tension, over-weight and obesity. The results suggest nutritional intervention and health education should be strengthened in the residents for the prevention of nutrition-related diseases.

关 键 词：膳食调查 营养调查 健康状况 哈萨克族 

分 类 号：R151.41[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]