跑步速度对中长跑运动员步态的影响研究  

Influence of Running Speed on Gait of the Middle and Long Distance Runners

作　　者：崔旭艳[1] 任占兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州体育学院,广东广州510500

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2014年第3期122-126,共5页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(11002036);广州体育学院院管课题(PY1306)

摘　　要：跑步是许多运动项目的基础。研究跑步速度对中长跑运动员步态的影响对跑步运动技术理论与实践具有广泛而深远的意义。选择受过良好训练且水平在一级左右的男子中长跑学生运动员7人,应用瑞典产QUALISYSMCU500红外远射测试系统,测试运动员在3.34 m·s-1、3.87 m·s-1和4.45 m·s-13个不同速度下的大腿角度、膝关节角度、踝关节角度和髋扭转角度等步态角度变量。研究结论认为,不同跑步速度下的步态角度变量随时间变化呈现出一定的阶段性:大腿角度在摆动阶段随着跑步速度的增加而增大,而支撑阶段大腿屈曲范围随着跑步速度的增加表现出减小的趋势;膝关节角度呈现出两个"V"型特征,第一个"V"型出现在摆动阶段,第二个"V"型出现在支撑阶段;离地瞬间踝关节角度、支撑阶段踝关节跖屈范围随速度的增大表现出增大的趋势,摆动阶段最大跖屈角度随速度的增大表现出减小的趋势;髋扭转幅度在摆动阶段随着速度的增大有增加趋势,支撑阶段髋扭转幅度随着跑步速度的增加有减少趋势。Running is the basic technique of many sports. There is comprehensive and significant meaning to study the in- fluence of running speed on the gait of the middle and long distance runners. Choosing 7 middle-distance runners, using the photoelectrical testing and analytical system of QUALISYS-MCU500 made in Sweden, we tested the gait angles of the leg, knee, ankle and coax torsion at the speed of 3.34 m · s -1 ,3.87 m·s -1 and 4.45 m · s -1 respectively. The results showed that the gait angles of the lower extremity presented different variety stage. Thigh angle was increased as the running speed increased in the swing phase, while during the support stage,thigh flexion range exhibited a decreasing trend with increas- ing running speed;knee angle showed two ＂V＂ -type characteristics, the first ＂V＂ shape was in the swing phase, and the second ＂V＂ shape was in the support phase; ankle angle at the instance of take-off phase and the ankle plantar flexion range during the support stage was increased with the speed increased, the swing stage maximum plantar flexion angle showed a decreasing trend with speed increased ;hip torsion amplitude during the swing phase increased with the speed in- creased, hip torsion amplitude during the swing phase decreased with the speed increased

关 键 词：跑步速度 下肢 运动学 步态 中长跑 

分 类 号：G804.68[文化科学—运动人体科学]