广州市城区小学生早餐质量及饮食行为现况  

Cross-sectional study on breakfast quality and dietary behavior among students in primary schools in Guangzhou urban district

作　　者：林蓉[1] 刘伟佳[1] 林琳[1] 刘伟[1] 熊莉华[1] 陈思宇[1] 郭重山[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省广州市疾病预防控制中心,510440

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第7期973-975,978,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：科技部"十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2008BAI58B05);广州市医药卫生科技项目(20121A010014)

摘　　要：目的了解广州市城区小学生早餐质量及饮食行为,为开展营养健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法多阶段分层整群随机抽取广州市城区6所小学二-五年级1 496名学生及其家长进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 15.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 82.2%的学生每天都吃早餐,早餐种类主要是米面制品（77.23%）,其次为奶类及其制品（60.98%）;61.38%的儿童早餐营养不充足。在校日,小学生吃午餐的地点主要是学校（70.58%）,13.20%的学生三餐平均进食时间〈15min,15-25 min的占51.65%。过去1周,18.77%的学生在外就餐≥4次;过去1个月,8.96%的学生吃过4次及以上西式快餐;4.70%的学生每天晚上睡前0.5 h进食,4.10%经常晚上睡前0.5 h进食。仅有35.28%的学生每周喝牛奶7次及以上。小学生吃的次数最多的零食是新鲜蔬菜水果（22.09%）,其次是奶及奶制品（19.86%）和谷类（16.82%）;饮用最多的饮料是牛奶及酸奶（30.93%）,其次是碳酸饮料（18.40%）和茶水（12.60%）。结论广州市城区儿童早餐质量较差,不良饮食行为较普遍,应引起学校、家庭和社会的重视。Objective To study the breakfast quality and dietary behavior among students in primary schools in Guangzhou urban district in order to develop nutritional interventions and improve students＂ nutritional status. Methods A multiple stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted among 6 primary schools, grade 2-5 in Guangzhou urban district. A questionnaire study was conducted on 1 496 students and their parents. SPSS 15.0 was used to analyze the data. Results The primary school students who reported eating breakfast everyday accounted for 82.2%. The main sources were rice and wheat products（ 77.23% ）, milk and milk products （60.98% }. And 61.38% of the breakfast was at a low nutritional quality level. Most students chose to have lunch at school （ 70.58% ）. The time of eating food was very short （ 13.20% 〈 15 min, 51.65% 15-25 min }. Response rates of eating outside ≥4 times a week, eating western style fast food..≥4 times per month, every night or often eating in half an hour before sleeping , and were 18.77%, 8.96%, 4.70% and 4.10%, respectively. Only 35.28% pupils insisted drinking milk ≥ 7 times a week . The snacks pupils ate most were fresh vegetables （22.09%}, milk and milk products （ 19.86%}, and frumentum（ 16.82%}. The beverage pupils drank most were milk and yoghourt（30.93%}, sodas （ 18.40%} and tea water（ 12.60%}. Conclusion The current pupils breakfast nutritional quality is far from satisfaction. Unhealthy dietary behaviors are more than common. Thus, schools, families, and the whole society should pay attention to these problems.

关 键 词：饮食习惯 营养价值 学生 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R155.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]