灌溉方式对黄淮稻区优质粳米品质的影响  

Effects of different irrigation methods on grain quality of japonica rice in Huanghuai District of China

作　　者：刘奇华[1] 吴修[1] 陈博聪[1] 信彩云[1] 陈峰[1] 王瑜[1] 孙召文 马加清[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院水稻研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第9期2583-2590,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31301296);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目资助

摘　　要：为探明不同水深处理对优质稻米的影响,研究了湿润、浅水、深水3种灌溉方式对优质粳稻(圣稻14、圣稻2572、圣稻18)籽粒外观、稻米直链淀粉、蛋白质含量及淀粉RVA谱的影响,分析了稻米品质与理化指标之间的关系.结果表明:浅水灌溉下籽粒面积、周长、粒长、稻米蛋白质含量显著高于其他灌溉方式,垩白率和垩白度的表现相反;RVA谱的最高黏度和热浆黏度值以湿润灌溉最高,深水灌溉最低,最终黏度值以深水灌溉最低;不同品种RVA谱的崩解值、消减值、回复值及稻米直链淀粉含量对3种灌溉方式的响应存在明显的基因型差异.圣稻14以湿润灌溉的食味品质最好,圣稻18则以深水灌溉最好.相关分析表明,稻米RVA谱特征值与稻米外观指标及蛋白质含量之间存在显著的相关性.回归与通径分析表明,粒型是影响崩解值与消减值的主要因子,而稻米蛋白质与直链淀粉含量是影响回复值的主要因子.To clarify the effects of different irrigation treatments in paddy field on rice gain quality, three irrigation methods, moistening irrigation （0 cm water depth）, shallow water irrigation （1-2 cm water depth） and deep water irrigation （5-6 cm water depth）, were established under field condition. In the experiment, rice gain physiochemical parameters including grain length, width, area and perimeter, amylose and protein contents and RVA profile characteristics of 3 rice cultivars （Shengdao 14, Shengdao 2572, Shengdao 18） with excellent quality were evaluated. Results showed that grain length, area and perimeter were significantly enhanced under shallow water irrigation when compared with the other two irrigation methods, while chalky rice rate and chalkiness performed conversely. Of all irrigation methods, moistening irrigation produced the highest peak viscosity and hot viscosity values, but deep irrigation produced the lowest peak viscosity, hot viscosity and final viscosity values. The breakdown, setback, consistence values and amylose content of rice grains of 3 varieties displayed disparate responses to the 3 irrigation treatments, largely due to the difference of genotypes. Shengdao 14 had the best eating quality under moistening irrigation and Shengdao 18 under deep irrigation. Correlation analysis indicated that RVA profile parameters were significantly related with apparent and physiochemical parameters. The relationship between apparent and eating quality was quantified by regression and pathway analyses, suggesting that grain area, perimeter and the ratio of grain length to width were the main factors controlling breakdown, the ratio of grain length to width was for setback, and grain protein and amylose contents for consistence.

关 键 词：灌溉方式 稻米 外观品质 食用品质 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]