氢化棕榈硬脂结晶特性及其对蜡烛外观的影响  

Crystallization characteristics of hydrogenated palm stearin and its influence on appearance of candle

作　　者：赵雪丹[1] 肖宇峰 许淑芳 徐学兵[1,2] 毕艳兰[1] 张虹[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学粮油食品学院,郑州450001 [2]丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司,上海200137

出　　处：《中国油脂》2014年第9期74-79,共6页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-15-1-10)

摘　　要：为解决分提棕榈硬脂用作蜡材时渗油的问题，对其进行了不同程度的氢化。利用差示扫描量热仪、脉冲核磁共振仪、偏振光显微镜和X-射线衍射仪等手段对其结晶行为进行研究，并比较了氢化前后化学组成的变化。结果表明：棕榈硬脂氢化的第一个阶段，部分油酸和亚油酸迅速转变为反式油酸，它促进了α型晶体的形成及其向β′型的转变，虽然45℃以下时固体脂肪含量高于原料油，但其熔点却降低；氢化的第二个阶段，大量油酸和反式油酸转变为硬脂酸，高熔点组分增加，虽然晶型仍处于β′型，但此时熔点及各温度下的固体脂肪含量均高于原料油。氢化15 min后低熔点峰基本消失，蜡烛渗油现象也消失；继续氢化至20 min后样品结晶峰狭窄、尖锐，蜡烛容易断裂。因此，适度氢化样品（氢化15~20 min）较适合用作蜡材。Fractionated palm stearin was hydrogenated at different degrees in order to solve the problem of greasy appearance as a renewable candle material. The crystallization behavior of hydrogenated palm stea-rin was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy,and the chemical compositions of palm stearin and hydrogenated palm stearin were compared. The results showed that in the first stage of hydrogenation, part of oleic acid and linoleic acid rapidly converted to trans-oleic acid, which promoted the formation ofαtype crystal and its trans-formation to β′ type crystal; though the solid fat content of hydrogenated palm stearin below 45℃ was higher than that of palm stearin, its melting point reduced;in the second stage of hydrogenation, plenty of oleic acid and trans-oleic acid converted to stearic acid, thereby the content of components with high melting point increased,and the solid fat contents at all temperatures and the melting point were also high-er than those of palm stearin although the crystal was still β′ type. The low melting point peak disap-peared after palm stearin was hydrogenated for 15 min, and the greasy appearance of candle disappeared as well;when hydrogenation time was more than 20 min, the crystallization peak became sharp and nar-row , and the cracking of candle appeared . Therefore , palm stearin hydrogenated for 15 - 20 min was suitable for candle material.

关 键 词：棕榈硬脂 氢化 结晶行为 蜡烛 

分 类 号：TQ641[化学工程—精细化工]